The Multifaceted Role of Aquaporin-9 in Health and Its Potential as a Clinical Biomarker

Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels essential for water, energy, and redox homeostasis, with proven involvement in a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as edema, glaucoma, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, oxidative stress, sepsis, cancer, and metabolic dysfunctions. The 13 AQPs pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-06, Vol.12 (7), p.897
Main Authors: da Silva, Inês V., Garra, Sabino, Calamita, Giuseppe, Soveral, Graça
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
aquaporin-9
Aquaporins
Biomarkers
Bone marrow
Cancer
Cell lineage
clinical biomarkers
Diabetes insipidus
Edema
Glaucoma
Glycerol
Homeostasis
Hydrogen peroxide
Infertility
Insulin
Liver
Liver cancer
Liver diseases
membrane permeability
Metabolism
Neutrophils
Oxidative stress
Permeability
Physiology
Proteins
Review
Rodents
Roles
Sepsis
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Summary:Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels essential for water, energy, and redox homeostasis, with proven involvement in a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as edema, glaucoma, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, oxidative stress, sepsis, cancer, and metabolic dysfunctions. The 13 AQPs present in humans are widely distributed in all body districts, drawing cell lineage-specific expression patterns closely related to cell native functions. Compelling evidence indicates that AQPs are proteins with great potential as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention. Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) is the most expressed in the liver, with implications in general metabolic and redox balance due to its aquaglyceroporin and peroxiporin activities, facilitating glycerol and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) diffusion across membranes. AQP9 is also expressed in other tissues, and their altered expression is described in several human diseases, such as liver injury, inflammation, cancer, infertility, and immune disorders. The present review compiles the current knowledge of AQP9 implication in diseases and highlights its potential as a new biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in clinical medicine.
ISSN:2218-273X
2218-273X
DOI:10.3390/biom12070897