Large Extracellular Vesicles-A New Frontier of Liquid Biopsy in Oncology

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are emerging as pivotal elements in cancer. Many studies have focused on the role of Small- (S)-EVs but in recent years Large-(L)-EVs have progressively gained increasing interest due to their peculiar content and functions. Tumor-derived L-EVs carry a lot of oncogenic p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2020-09, Vol.21 (18), p.6543
Main Authors: Pezzicoli, Gaetano, Tucci, Marco, Lovero, Domenica, Silvestris, Franco, Porta, Camillo, Mannavola, Francesco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiogenesis
Apoptosis
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism
Biopsy
Biosynthesis
Cancer
Cell adhesion & migration
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA sequencing
exosomes
Exosomes - metabolism
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism
Extracellular Vesicles - physiology
Gene expression
Genomes
Humans
Kinases
large extracellular vesicles
Lipids
Liquid Biopsy - methods
Metabolism
Metastases
Metastasis
microvesicles
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - metabolism
Neoplasms - physiopathology
Nucleic acids
Oncology
oncosomes
Plasma
Proteins
Review
Rewiring
Tumor Microenvironment
Tumors
Vesicles
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Summary:Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are emerging as pivotal elements in cancer. Many studies have focused on the role of Small- (S)-EVs but in recent years Large-(L)-EVs have progressively gained increasing interest due to their peculiar content and functions. Tumor-derived L-EVs carry a lot of oncogenic proteins, nucleic acids and lipids to recipient cells and are involved in the reshaping of the tumor microenvironment as well as in the metabolic rewiring and the promotion of the pro-metastatic attitude of cancer cells. Several techniques have been developed for the isolation of L-EVs and commercial kits are also available for efficient and easy recovery of these vesicles. Also, the improvement in DNA sequencing and "omics sciences" profoundly changed the way to analyze and explore the molecular content of L-EVs, thus providing novel and potentially useful cancer biomarkers. Herein, we review the most recent findings concerning the role of L-EVs in cancer and discuss their possible use in oncology as "liquid biopsy" tools as compared to the other classes of EVs.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms21186543