Beyond Borders of the Cell: How Extracellular Vesicles Shape COVID-19 for People with Cystic Fibrosis

The interaction between extracellular vesicles (EVs) and SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, especially in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) is insufficiently studied. EVs are small membrane-bound particles involved in cell-cell communications in different physiological and pathological conditi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-04, Vol.25 (7), p.3713
Main Authors: Hejenkowska, Ewelina D, Yavuz, Hayrettin, Swiatecka-Urban, Agnieszka
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigen presentation
Apoptosis
Bacterial infections
COVID-19
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis - complications
Cytokines
Development and progression
Disease transmission
Extracellular Vesicles
Glycoproteins
Health aspects
Humans
Infection
Infections
Inflammation
MicroRNAs
Nanoparticles
Pathogenesis
Physiological aspects
Proteins
Respiratory diseases
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
TGF-β
Transforming growth factors
Viral infections
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Summary:The interaction between extracellular vesicles (EVs) and SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, especially in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) is insufficiently studied. EVs are small membrane-bound particles involved in cell-cell communications in different physiological and pathological conditions, including inflammation and infection. The CF airway cells release EVs that differ from those released by healthy cells and may play an intriguing role in regulating the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2. On the one hand, EVs may activate neutrophils and exacerbate inflammation. On the other hand, EVs may block IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with severe COVID-19, and protect PwCF from adverse outcomes. EVs are regulated by TGF-β signaling, essential in different disease states, including COVID-19. Here, we review the knowledge, identify the gaps in understanding, and suggest future research directions to elucidate the role of EVs in PwCF during COVID-19.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25073713