Altered Sex Ratio at Birth with Maternal Exposure to Dioxins in Vietnamese Infants

Excess female births (lower sex ratio at birth) associated with paternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) have been reported in Italy. However, no significant effects of maternal TCDD exposure on the sex ratio were reported. We investigated the effects of maternal TCDD exposure...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxics (Basel) 2024-04, Vol.12 (4), p.276
Main Authors: Kaneko, Noriko, Nishijo, Muneko, Vu, Hoa Thi, Pham-The, Tai, Pham, Thao Ngoc, Tran, Nghi Ngoc, Takiguchi, Tomoya, Nishino, Yoshikazu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agent Orange
Babies
Birth
Birth weight
Breast milk
Breastfeeding & lactation
Cohort analysis
Demographic aspects
Dibenzofuran
Dioxin
Dioxins
Exposure
Females
Food contamination
Health aspects
herbicide
Herbicides
Higher education
Infants
Infants (Newborn)
Milk
Mothers
PCB
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
Pregnant women
Regression analysis
Sex
Sex ratio
TCDD
Vietnam
Vietnam War
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Summary:Excess female births (lower sex ratio at birth) associated with paternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) have been reported in Italy. However, no significant effects of maternal TCDD exposure on the sex ratio were reported. We investigated the effects of maternal TCDD exposure and the toxic equivalent quantity of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (TEQ-PCDD/Fs) on the sex ratio at birth in 576 Vietnamese infants from three birth cohorts. TCDD and TEQ-PCDD/Fs in breast milk were stratified (low, mild, moderate, and high) as maternal exposure markers. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate associations between female birth and dioxin exposure groups after adjusting for confounders. In sprayed and unsprayed areas, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of female birth (reference: low-TCDD group) were 2.11 in the moderate-TCDD group and 2.77 in the high-TCDD group, which were significantly associated with increased TCDD exposure. In sprayed areas, a significantly increased OR in the high-TCDD group was observed. No significant associations, however, were found between having a girl and TEQ-PCDD/F levels. These results suggest that maternal TCDD exposure may alter the sex ratio at birth among Vietnamese residents of areas with high dioxin contamination.
ISSN:2305-6304
2305-6304
DOI:10.3390/toxics12040276