How Different Pre-existing Mental Disorders and Their Co-occurrence Affects COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes? A Real-World Data Study in the Southern United States

• Published in: Frontiers in public health 2022-06, Vol.10, p.831189
• Main Authors: Qiao, Shan, Zhang, Jiajia, Chen, Shujie, Olatosi, Bankole, Hardeman, Suzanne, Narasimhan, Meera, Bruner, Larisa, Diedhiou, Abdoulaye, Scott, Cheryl, Mansaray, Ali, Weissman, Sharon, Li, Xiaoming
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; co-occurrence; Comorbidity; COVID-19 - epidemiology; COVID-19 outcomes; electronic health records (EHRs); Humans; Mental Disorders - epidemiology; pre-existing mental disorders; Preexisting Condition Coverage; Public Health; Retrospective Studies; United States; United States - epidemiology
• ISSN: 2296-2565; 2296-2565
• DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.831189

Although a psychiatric history might be an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection and mortality, no studies have systematically investigated how different clusters of pre-existing mental disorders may affect COVID-19 clinical outcomes or showed how the coexistence of mental disorder clusters is related to COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Using a retrospective cohort study design, a total of 476,775 adult patients with lab-confirmed and probable COVID-19 between March 06, 2020 and April 14, 2021 in South Carolina, United States were included in the current study. The electronic health record data of COVID-19 patients were linked to all payer-based claims data through the SC Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office. Pre-existing mental disorder diagnoses from Jan 2, 2019 to Jan 14, 2021 were extracted from the patients' healthcare utilization data via ICD-10 codes. There is an elevated risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and death among participants with pre-existing mental disorders adjusting for key socio-demographic and comorbidity covariates. Co-occurrence of any two clusters was positively associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization and death. The odds ratio of being hospitalized was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.151, 1.383) for patients with internalizing and externalizing disorders, 1.65 (95% CI: 1.298, 2.092) for internalizing and thought disorders, 1.76 (95% CI: 1.217, 2.542) for externalizing and thought disorders, and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.274, 2.118) for three clusters of mental disorders. Pre-existing internalizing disorders and thought disorders are positively related to COVID-19 hospitalization and death. Co-occurrence of any two clusters of mental disorders have elevated risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and death compared to those with a single cluster.