Sarcopenia in Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Sarcopenia refers to a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function. Because sarcopenia affects mortality, and causes significant disability, the clinical importance of sarcopenia is emerging. At first, sarcopenia was recognized as an age-related disease but, recently, it has been reported to be pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2020-08, Vol.21 (16), p.5678
Main Authors: An, Hyo Jin, Tizaoui, Kalthoum, Terrazzino, Salvatore, Cargnin, Sarah, Lee, Keum Hwa, Nam, Seoung Wan, Kim, Jae Seok, Yang, Jae Won, Lee, Jun Young, Smith, Lee, Koyanagi, Ai, Jacob, Louis, Li, Han, Shin, Jae Il, Kronbichler, Andreas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Arthritis
autoimmune disease
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune Diseases - complications
Diabetes mellitus
Females
Humans
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Inflammatory diseases
Intestine
Life Sciences
Lupus
Models, Biological
Muscles
Musculoskeletal system
Older people
Review
rheumatic disease
Rheumatic diseases
Rheumatic Diseases - complications
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia - complications
Sarcopenia - diagnosis
Sarcopenia - epidemiology
Scleroderma
Skeletal muscle
Studies
Systemic sclerosis
type 1 diabetes
Working groups
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Summary:Sarcopenia refers to a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function. Because sarcopenia affects mortality, and causes significant disability, the clinical importance of sarcopenia is emerging. At first, sarcopenia was recognized as an age-related disease but, recently, it has been reported to be prevalent also in younger patients with autoimmune diseases. Specifically, the association of sarcopenia and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis has been studied in detail. Although the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in autoimmune diseases has not been elucidated, chronic inflammation is believed to contribute to sarcopenia, and moreover the pathogenesis seems to be different depending on the respective underlying disease. The definition of sarcopenia differs among studies, which limits direct comparisons. Therefore, in this review, we cover various definitions of sarcopenia used in previous studies and highlight the prevalence of sarcopenia in diverse autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune diabetes. In addition, we cover the pathogenesis and treatment of sarcopenia in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of sarcopenia in various autoimmune diseases and highlights the need for a consistent definition of sarcopenia.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms21165678