Convergent and divergent brain structural and functional abnormalities associated with developmental dyslexia

Brain abnormalities in the reading network have been repeatedly reported in individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD); however, it is still not totally understood where the structural and functional abnormalities are consistent/inconsistent across languages. In the current multimodal meta-analysi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:eLife 2021-09, Vol.10
Main Authors: Yan, Xiaohui, Jiang, Ke, Li, Hui, Wang, Ziyi, Perkins, Kyle, Cao, Fan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
alphabetic language
Brain
Brain - diagnostic imaging
Brain - physiopathology
Brain Mapping
Brain research
Child
Chinese languages
Comparative linguistics
Dyslexia
Dyslexia - diagnostic imaging
Dyslexia - physiopathology
Etiology
Female
Frontal gyrus
Functional anatomy
Humans
Language
Learning
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Meta-analysis
morpho-syllabic language
multimodal meta-analysis
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neuroscience
Phonology
Reading
Semantics
Structure-function relationships
Substantia grisea
Superior temporal gyrus
Temporal gyrus
Writing
Young Adult
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Summary:Brain abnormalities in the reading network have been repeatedly reported in individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD); however, it is still not totally understood where the structural and functional abnormalities are consistent/inconsistent across languages. In the current multimodal meta-analysis, we found convergent structural and functional alterations in the left superior temporal gyrus across languages, suggesting a neural signature of DD. We found greater reduction in grey matter volume and brain activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus in morpho-syllabic languages (e.g. Chinese) than in alphabetic languages, and greater reduction in brain activation in the left middle temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus in alphabetic languages than in morpho-syllabic languages. These language differences are explained as consequences of being DD while learning a specific language. In addition, we also found brain regions that showed increased grey matter volume and brain activation, presumably suggesting compensations and brain regions that showed inconsistent alterations in brain structure and function. Our study provides important insights about the etiology of DD from a cross-linguistic perspective with considerations of consistency/inconsistency between structural and functional alterations.
ISSN:2050-084X
2050-084X
DOI:10.7554/eLife.69523