Impacts of Oxidative Stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on Metabolism and the Future Direction of Investigating Fucoidan-Modulated Metabolism

The critical factors for regulating cancer metabolism are oxidative stress and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/AKT serine-threonine kinase/mechanistic target of the rapamycin kinase (PI3K/AKT/mTOR). However, the metabolic impacts of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on individual mechanisms such as glyco...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antioxidants 2022-05, Vol.11 (5), p.911
Main Authors: Shiau, Jun-Ping, Chuang, Ya-Ting, Cheng, Yuan-Bin, Tang, Jen-Yang, Hou, Ming-Feng, Yen, Ching-Yu, Chang, Hsueh-Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
AKT
AKT protein
Algae
anticancer
Antioxidants
Apoptosis
Breast cancer
Cancer therapies
Cell growth
Dehydrogenases
Enzymes
Fatty acids
Fucoidan
Glucose
Glycolysis
Homeostasis
Kinases
Metabolism
Metabolites
mTOR
Natural products
Oxidation
Oxidative metabolism
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative stress
Pentose phosphate pathway
Phosphorylation
PI3K
Protein-serine/threonine kinase
Rapamycin
Regulation
Review
TOR protein
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
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Summary:The critical factors for regulating cancer metabolism are oxidative stress and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/AKT serine-threonine kinase/mechanistic target of the rapamycin kinase (PI3K/AKT/mTOR). However, the metabolic impacts of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on individual mechanisms such as glycolysis (Warburg effect), pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), fatty acid synthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, glutaminolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are complicated. Therefore, this review summarizes the individual and interacting functions of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on metabolism. Moreover, natural products providing oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR modulating effects have anticancer potential. Using the example of brown algae-derived fucoidan, the roles of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR were summarized, although their potential functions within diverse metabolisms were rarely investigated. We propose a potential application that fucoidan may regulate oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to modulate their associated metabolic regulations. This review sheds light on understanding the impacts of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on metabolism and the future direction of metabolism-based cancer therapy of fucoidan.
ISSN:2076-3921
2076-3921
DOI:10.3390/antiox11050911