Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 incidence and seroconversion among university students and employees: a longitudinal cohort study in California, June–August 2020

• Published in: BMJ open 2023-04, Vol.13 (4), p.e063999-e063999
• Main Authors: Hunter, Lauren A, Wyman, Stacia, Packel, Laura J, Facente, Shelley N, Li, Yi, Harte, Anna, Nicolette, Guy, Di Germanio, Clara, Busch, Michael P, Reingold, Arthur L, Petersen, Maya L, Urnov, Fyodor, McDevitt, Shana, Hirsch, Ariana, Ehrenberg, Alexander, Doudna, Jennifer A, Amen, M, Barry, Kerrie W, Boyle, John M, Brook, Cara E, Choo, Seunga, Cornmesser, LT, Dilworth, David J, Fedrigo, Indro, Friedline, Skyler E, Graham, Thomas G W, Green, Ralph, Hamilton, Jennifer R, Hochstrasser, Megan L, Hockemeyer, Dirk, Krishnappa, Netravathi, Lari, Azra, Li, Hanqin, Lin-Shiao, Enrique, Lu, Tianlin, Lyons, Elijah F, Mark, Kevin G, Martell, Lisa Argento, Martins, A Raquel O, Mitchell, Patrick S, Moehle, Erica A, Naca, Christine, Nandakumar, Divya, O’Brien, Elizabeth, Pappas, Derek J, Pestal, Kathleen, Quach, Diana L, Rubin, Benjamin E, Sachdeva, Rohan, Stahl, Elizabeth C, Syed, Abdullah Muhammad, Tan, I-Li, Tollner, Amy L, Tsuchida, Connor A, Kimberly Tsui, C, Turkalo, Timothy K, Bryan Warf, M, Whitney, Oscar N, Witkowsky, Lea B
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibodies; California - epidemiology; Cohort analysis; Cohort Studies; College campuses; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - diagnosis; COVID-19 - epidemiology; COVID-19 Testing; COVID-19 vaccines; Disease transmission; Employees; Epidemics; Epidemiology; Essential workers; Fraternities & sororities; Genomes; Humans; Illnesses; Incidence; Infection control; Infections; Longitudinal Studies; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Prospective Studies; Public health; SARS-CoV-2 - genetics; Seroconversion; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Social networks; Sociodemographics; Surveillance; Universities; University students; Web portals; Young adults
• ISSN: 2044-6055; 2044-6055
• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063999

ObjectivesTo identify incident SARS-CoV-2 infections and inform effective mitigation strategies in university settings, we piloted an integrated symptom and exposure monitoring and testing system among a cohort of university students and employees.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingA public university in California from June to August 2020.Participants2180 university students and 738 university employees.Primary outcome measuresAt baseline and endline, we tested participants for active SARS-CoV-2 infection via quantitative PCR (qPCR) test and collected blood samples for antibody testing. Participants received notifications to complete additional qPCR tests throughout the study if they reported symptoms or exposures in daily surveys or were selected for surveillance testing. Viral whole genome sequencing was performed on positive qPCR samples, and phylogenetic trees were constructed with these genomes and external genomes.ResultsOver the study period, 57 students (2.6%) and 3 employees (0.4%) were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection via qPCR test. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that a super-spreader event among undergraduates in congregate housing accounted for at least 48% of cases among study participants but did not spread beyond campus. Test positivity was higher among participants who self-reported symptoms (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 12.7; 95% CI 7.4 to 21.8) or had household exposures (IRR 10.3; 95% CI 4.8 to 22.0) that triggered notifications to test. Most (91%) participants with newly identified antibodies at endline had been diagnosed with incident infection via qPCR test during the study.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that integrated monitoring systems can successfully identify and link at-risk students to SARS-CoV-2 testing. As the study took place before the evolution of highly transmissible variants and widespread availability of vaccines and rapid antigen tests, further research is necessary to adapt and evaluate similar systems in the present context.