Intermediate cystinosis: a case report of 10-year treatment with cysteamine

• Published in: BMC nephrology 2024-08, Vol.25 (1), p.275-7
• Main Authors: Kawamura, Mariko, Katagiri, Daisuke, Yamamoto, Yuuka, Shimada, Keiki, Higashi, Satomi, Otani, Masako, Uesugi, Noriko, Takano, Hideki, Shimizu, Yukiko, Okamura, Tadashi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Biopsy; Case Report; Case reports; Case studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Cornea; Creatinine; Crystals; Cysteamine; Cysteamine - therapeutic use; Cystine Depleting Agents - therapeutic use; Cystinosis; Cystinosis - complications; Cystinosis - drug therapy; Drug therapy; Family medical history; Fanconi syndrome; Female; Hereditary diseases; Hospitals; Humans; Kidney diseases; Life expectancy; Lysosomal storage diseases; Lysosome; Male; Medical diagnosis; Medical prognosis; Microscopy; Patients; Phenotypes; Proteins; Proteinuria; Renal failure; Renal function; Treatment Outcome; Urinalysis
• ISSN: 1471-2369; 1471-2369
• DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03722-8

Cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by an autosomal recessive phenotype. Intermediate cystinosis, which progresses slowly and causes renal failure, accounts for approximately 5% of all cystinosis cases. Patients with intermediate cystinosis may not exhibit the typical symptoms of cystinosis, such as Fanconi syndrome and ocular symptoms. Because of its diverse clinical presentation and rarity, intermediate cystinosis can be difficult to diagnose. Additionally, few patients can tolerate cystine-depleting drugs, such as cysteamine, because of their complicated administration schedules and side effects. We report a case of intermediate cystinosis that was treated with cysteamine for 10 years. Urinary abnormalities were first diagnosed when the patient was 3 years of age during a health examination specifically for 3-year-old children, which is unique to Japan. Cystinosis was diagnosed when the patient was 12 years of age. Cysteamine therapy was initiated and regular cystine concentration measurements were performed. Although proteinuria persisted, the patient's renal function progressed slowly. Two renal biopsies were performed, and multinucleated podocytes and cystine crystals without focal segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions were observed in the biopsy specimens. The patient's renal function remained stable. This case of intermediate cystinosis was treated with cysteamine over the course of 10 years. Intermediate cystinosis requires an appropriate diagnosis and long-term treatment.