Comparative analysis of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Ad26.COV2.S SARS-CoV-2 vector vaccines

Vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been associated with vaccine- induced thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (VITT/TTS), but the causative factors are still unresolved. We comprehensively analyzed the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson and Johnson) vaccines. ChAdOx1 nCoV...

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Published in:Haematologica (Roma) 2022-04, Vol.107 (4), p.947-957
Main Authors: Michalik, Stephan, Siegerist, Florian, Palankar, Raghavendra, Franzke, Kati, Schindler, Maximilian, Reder, Alexander, Seifert, Ulrike, Cammann, Clemens, Wesche, Jan, Steil, Leif, Hentschker, Christian, Gesell-Salazar, Manuela, Reisinger, Emil, Beer, Martin, Endlich, Nicole, Greinacher, Andreas, Völker, Uwe
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ad26COVS1
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines - adverse effects
Humans
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccines
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Summary:Vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been associated with vaccine- induced thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (VITT/TTS), but the causative factors are still unresolved. We comprehensively analyzed the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson and Johnson) vaccines. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 contains significant amounts of host cell protein impurities, including functionally active proteasomes, and adenoviral proteins. A much smaller amount of impurities was found in Ad26.COV2.S. Platelet factor 4 formed complexes with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 constituents, but not with purified virions from ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or with Ad26.COV2.S. Vascular hyperpermeability was induced by ChAdOx nCoV-19 but not by Ad26.COV2.S. These differences in impurities together with EDTAinduced capillary leakage might contribute to the higher incidence rate of VITT associated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 compared to Ad26.COV2.S.
ISSN:0390-6078
1592-8721
1592-8721
DOI:10.3324/haematol.2021.280154