Temporal dynamics of HIV-1 circulating subtypes in distinct exposure categories in southern Brazil

• Published in: Virology journal 2012-12, Vol.9 (1), p.306-306, Article 306
• Main Authors: Almeida, Sabrina Em, de Medeiros, Rubia M, Junqueira, Dennis M, Gräf, Tiago, Passaes, Caroline P B, Bello, Gonzalo, Morgado, Mariza G, L Guimarães, Monick
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Adult; AIDS; Analysis; Base Sequence; Brazil; Brazil - epidemiology; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cities; Exposure categories; Female; Genetic Variation; Heterosexuality - statistics & numerical data; HIV; HIV (Viruses); HIV Infections - epidemiology; HIV Infections - virology; HIV-1; HIV-1 - classification; HIV-1 - genetics; HIV-1 - isolation & purification; HIV-1 - pathogenicity; Homosexuality, Male - statistics & numerical data; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Humans; Hypotheses; Male; Middle Aged; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Prevalence; Recombination, Genetic; Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data; Statistical analysis; Studies; Subtypes; Temporal dynamics; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1743-422X; 1743-422X
• DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-9-306

The HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil is predominantly driven by subtype B. However, in Brazilian Southern region subtype C prevails and a relatively high AIDS incidence rate is observed. The aim of the present study was to assess the temporal dynamics of HIV-1 subtypes circulating in patients from distinct exposure categories in Southern Brazil. For this purpose 166 HIV-1 samples collected at the years of 1998 (group I) and 2005-2008 (group II) were analyzed. Analysis of group I revealed statistically significant (p < 0.05) associations between MSM and subtype B as well as between IDU and subtype C; while no statistical significant association between HIV-1 subtypes and exposure category was verified for group II. An overall temporal increase in the prevalence of subtype C and BC recombinants was observed in both HET and MSM populations, accompanied by a proportional decrease in the prevalence of the pure subtype B. The present study shows an association between HIV subtypes and exposure categories at the middle 1990s in Southern Brazil. Our findings suggest that MSM and IDU populations might have played a major role in the introduction and initial dissemination of subtypes B and C, respectively, in Southern Brazil. This study also suggests a trend towards homogenization of HIV-1 strains across distinct exposure categories as a consequence of an overall increase in the prevalence of subtype C and BC recombinants in both HET and MSM populations.