Acute and continuous exposure of airborne fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ): diverse outer blood-retinal barrier damages and disease susceptibilities

• Published in: Particle and fibre toxicology 2023-12, Vol.20 (1), p.50-18, Article 50
• Main Authors: Gu, Yuzhou, Sheng, Feiyin, Gao, Mengqin, Zhang, Li, Hao, Shengjie, Chen, Shuying, Chen, Rongrong, Xu, Yili, Wu, Di, Han, Yu, Chen, Lu, Liu, Ye, Lu, Bing, Zhao, Wei, Lou, Xiaoming, Chen, Zhijian, Li, Peng, Wang, Xiaofeng, Yao, Ke, Fu, Qiuli
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Age related diseases; Air pollution; Analysis; Angiography; Animals; Blood; Blood vessels; Blood-Retinal Barrier; Cell culture; Choriocapillaris; Cytokines; Damage; Development and progression; Diagnostic imaging; Disease susceptibility; Disease Susceptibility - pathology; Edema; Endothelial Cells; Epithelium; Evaluation; Exposure; Eye diseases; Fluorescein Angiography - methods; Health aspects; Health policy; Hydration; Immunofluorescence; Inflammation; Macular degeneration; Medical policy; Mice; Outer blood–retinal barrier; Particles; Particulate emissions; Particulate matter; Pathogenesis; Physiological aspects; PM2.5; Proteins; Public health; Retina; Retinal degeneration; Retinal pigment epithelium; Retinal Pigment Epithelium - pathology; Tight junctions; Tomography; Transmission electron microscopes; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Vasodilation; Western blotting
• ISSN: 1743-8977; 1743-8977
• DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00558-2

The association between air pollution and retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been demonstrated, but the pathogenic correlation is unknown. Damage to the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB), which consists of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris, is crucial in the development of fundus diseases. To describe the effects of airborne fine particulate matter (PM ) on the oBRB and disease susceptibilities. A PM -exposed mice model was established through the administration of eye drops containing PM . Optical coherence tomography angiography, transmission electron microscope, RPE immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were applied to study the oBRB changes. A co-culture model of ARPE-19 cells with stretching vascular endothelial cells was established to identify the role of choroidal vasodilatation in PM -associated RPE damage. Acute exposure to PM resulted in choroidal vasodilatation, RPE tight junctions impairment, and ultimately an increased risk of retinal edema in mice. These manifestations are very similar to the pachychoroid disease represented by central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). After continuous PM exposure, the damage to the RPE was gradually repaired, but AMD-related early retinal degenerative changes appeared under continuous choroidal inflammation. This study reveals oBRB pathological changes under different exposure durations, providing a valuable reference for the prevention of PM -related fundus diseases and public health policy formulation.