Maternal Dietary Diversity and Small for Gestational Age: The Effect Modification by Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain in a Prospective Study within Rural Sichuan, China (2021–2022)

Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) remains a significant global public health concern, with potential interconnections among maternal diet, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG), and SGA. This prospective study investigated the association between dietary diversity (DD) during p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2023-08, Vol.15 (17), p.3669
Main Authors: Sun, Chang, Wu, Yuju, Cai, Zhengjie, Li, Linhua, Feng, Jieyuan, van Grieken, Amy, Raat, Hein, Rozelle, Scott, Zhou, Huan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Birth weight
Body mass index
Consumption
Diet
Food
Fruits
Gestational age
Longitudinal studies
maternal dietary diversity
Nutrition research
Nutritional status
Poverty
Pregnancy
Pregnant women
prospective study
Questionnaires
Risk factors
Rural areas
small for gestational age
Statistics
synergistic effects
underweight prior to pregnancy
Vegetables
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Summary:Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) remains a significant global public health concern, with potential interconnections among maternal diet, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG), and SGA. This prospective study investigated the association between dietary diversity (DD) during pregnancy and the risk of SGA, as well as the synergistic effect of DD with pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG on SGA. Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed using 24 h dietary recalls, and dietary diversity scores (DDS) were calculated based on the FAO’s Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women index. Infant information was followed up. The Poisson regression model was employed to determine the association between maternal DD and SGA. Interactions between DD and pre-pregnancy BMI or GWG were evaluated under additive and multiplicative models. Among the 560 singleton live births, 62 (11.07%) were classified as SGA. After adjusting for potential confounders, the DDS exhibited a protective effect against SGA (aRR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.62–0.95). DD modified the association between being underweight prior to pregnancy and SGA on the additive scale (interaction contrast ratio = 7.39; 95% CI: 5.84, 8.94). These findings suggest that improving dietary diversity during pregnancy, particularly among women with a low pre-pregnancy BMI, may be a feasible strategy to reduce the risk of SGA newborns.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu15173669