Flavonoids from Morus alba L. Leaves: Optimization of Extraction by Response Surface Methodology and Comprehensive Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Inhibition of α-Amylase Activities through Analytical Hierarchy Process

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-06, Vol.24 (13), p.2398
• Main Authors: Cui, Hao, Lu, Tenghui, Wang, Mingxin, Zou, Xintong, Zhang, Yang, Yang, Xiudong, Dong, Yao, Zhou, Hongli
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetic acid; AHP; alpha-Amylases - antagonists & inhibitors; Amylases; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial agents; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - isolation & purification; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Bacillus - drug effects; Binding sites; bioactivities; Biological activity; Butanol; Design; Enzyme Inhibitors - chemistry; Enzyme Inhibitors - isolation & purification; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; Ethanol; Ethyl acetate; evaluate comprehensively; Experiments; extraction conditions; Flavonoids; Flavonoids - chemistry; Flavonoids - isolation & purification; Flavonoids - pharmacology; Food industry; Gram-positive bacteria; in vitro; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Morus - chemistry; Morus alba; mulberry leaves; Optimization; Organic solvents; Petroleum ether; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Ratios; Response surface methodology; Scavenging; Solvents; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Temperature; Thiazoline; Variance analysis; α-Amylase
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132398

To explore the flavonoids from L. leaves (MLF), the process of extracting was optimized by a response surface methodology and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were evaluated in vitro. The yield of flavonoids reached 50.52 mg g under the optimized extraction conditions (i.e., extraction temperature, 70.85 °C; solvent concentration, 39.30%; extraction time, 120.18 min; and liquid/solid ratio, 34.60:1). The total flavonoids were extracted in organic solvents with various polarities, including petroleum ether (MLF ), ethyl acetate (MLF ), and -butanol (MLF ). In vitro, the four MLF samples exhibited good antioxidant activities for scavenging of 2, 2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and total reducing power. Regarding antimicrobial efficacy, the MLF samples suppressed the development of , , and . The MLF samples inhibited α-amylase activity to a certain extent. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate comprehensively the bioactivities of the MLF samples. The AHP results revealed that the bioactivity comprehensive score (78.83 μg mL ) of MLF was optimal among the four MLF samples. L. leaves also exhibited non-hemolytic properties. All bioactivities suggested the potential of MLF as a candidate resource in the food and drug industries.