An In Vitro Estimation of the Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Root Extract from Leonurus sibiricus L. Overexpressing AtPAP1 against Different Cancer Cell Lines

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2018-08, Vol.23 (8), p.2049
• Main Authors: Sitarek, Przemysław, Synowiec, Ewelina, Kowalczyk, Tomasz, Śliwiński, Tomasz, Skała, Ewa
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: A549 Cells; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - isolation & purification; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - toxicity; Apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics; Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism; AtPAP1 transgenic roots of Leonurus sibiricus; Cancer; Cell Nucleus - drug effects; Cell Nucleus - genetics; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; Coding; cytotoxic effect; Cytotoxicity; DNA Copy Number Variations; DNA Damage - drug effects; DNA, Mitochondrial - metabolism; genotoxic effect; Genotoxicity; Humans; Hydroxybenzoates - analysis; Hydroxybenzoates - isolation & purification; K562 Cells; Leonurus - chemistry; Membrane potential; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial DNA; mitochondrial membrane potential; mtDNA copy number; NADH; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase; Overexpression; p53 Protein; Pharmacology; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - toxicity; Plant Roots - chemistry; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism; Tumor cell lines; Ubiquinone; Ubiquinone oxidoreductase
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082049

As the current cancer treatment success rate is not sufficient, interest has grown in plants as possible sources of anti-cancer compounds. One such plant with a broad spectrum of activity is of the family Lamiaceae. This study investigates for the first time both the genotoxic and cytotoxic activities of TR (transformed) and AtPAP1 TR (with over-expression of transcriptional factor) root extracts of against various cancer cell lines (CCRF-CEM, K-562 and A549). Both tested extracts showed a cytotoxic effect on CCRF-CEM and K-562 cell lines, but strongest activity was observed for the AtPAP1 TR extract. No cytotoxic effect was observed against the A549 cell line in the tested concentration range, and it was found that both tested extracts may induce apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and inducing nDNA damage lesion in the region and mtDNA in (mitochondrially encoded NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1) and (mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 5) regions in K-562 and CCRF-CEM. Our results confirmed that TR and AtPAP1 TR root extracts from are cytotoxic and genotoxic against different model cell lines (CCRF-CEM and K-562) However, the observed genotoxicity of both extracts needs to be confirmed by additional studies. These preclinical observations support the use of with other pharmacological purposes.