Effect of bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) on properties of carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon black hybrid filler filled natural rubber nanocomposites

Natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) vulcanizates reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNT), conductive carbon black (CCB) and CNT/CCB hybrid filler without and with bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT) silane coupling agent were prepared using an internal mixer and a two-roll...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Express polymer letters 2018-10, Vol.12 (10), p.867-884
Main Authors: Nakaramontri, Y., Kummerloewe, C., Vennemann, N., Wisunthorn, S., Pichaiyut, S., Nakason, C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbon black
Carbon nanotubes
Chemistry
Conductive carbon black
Contact angle
Coupling (molecular)
Coupling agents
Crosslinking
Dielectric properties
Electrical resistivity
Fourier transforms
Infrared reflection
Mechanical properties
Morphology
Nanocomposites
Natural rubber
Organic chemistry
Percolation
Permittivity
Polymer composites
Polymers
Rubber
Silane coupling
Smart materials
Stress relaxation
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Summary:Natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) vulcanizates reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNT), conductive carbon black (CCB) and CNT/CCB hybrid filler without and with bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT) silane coupling agent were prepared using an internal mixer and a two-roll mill. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to determine chemical interactions among rubber molecules, filler surfaces and silane molecules. In addition, the filler-filler interaction in NR and ENR matrices were assessed from wetting ability and Payne effect. Furthermore, the coupling by TESPT of filler surfaces and rubber molecules was clarified by temperature stress scanning relaxation (TSSR) technique. It was found that the rubber bound by physical absorption decreased with addition of TESPT, while the chemically bound amount significantly increased. This correlates well with estimates of physically and chemically bound rubber from swelling method and morphological properties. It was also found that the optimal electrical conductivity, percolation threshold concentration and dielectric constant of the composites were effectively improved by addition of TESPT. The improvement was confirmed by ANOVA. This indicates a great opportunity to manufacture smart materials with superior conductivity and dielectric constant, together with optimal scorch time, cure time and crosslinking properties.
ISSN:1788-618X
1788-618X
DOI:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2018.75