Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer: a comprehensive review on botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and authentication

Background Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer (Zhujieshen) is widely used in traditional medicine as a tonic hemostatic and anti-inflammatory agent in China, Japan, and Korea. Furthermore, it is used as an important substitute for ginseng roots by minority ethnic groups in China. The purpose of this review...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chinese medicine 2023-11, Vol.18 (1), p.1-148, Article 148
Main Authors: Chen, Yuan, Liu, Meiqi, Wen, Jinli, Yang, Zijie, Li, Guohui, Cao, Ying, Sun, Lili, Ren, Xiaoliang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-inflammatory agents
Apoptosis
Cancer
Drug dosages
Immunomodulation
Inflammation
Ischemia
Liver
Minority & ethnic groups
Oils & fats
Oxidants
Oxidative stress
Panax
Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer
Pharmacokinetic
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacology
Phytochemicals
Phytochemistry
Polysaccharides
Prostate
Review
Reviews
Saponins
Zhujieshen
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Summary:Background Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer (Zhujieshen) is widely used in traditional medicine as a tonic hemostatic and anti-inflammatory agent in China, Japan, and Korea. Furthermore, it is used as an important substitute for ginseng roots by minority ethnic groups in China. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest research on Zhujieshen in recent years, aiming at providing a systematic overview of the current knowledge, and perspectives for future research and exploitation. Main body This review examines the research advances in botanical profile, phytochemicals, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and authentication of Zhujieshen. Various compounds have been reported as active components, mainly including saponins, volatile oils, and polysaccharides. Pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that Zhujieshen is an important herb with significant bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective, cardio-protective, neuro-protective, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-thrombotic and immunomodulatory activities. Conclusion Currently, research on Zhujieshen is in the preliminary stages, and further research is required to understand the active compounds present and mechanisms of action. We hope that this comprehensive review of Zhujieshen will serve as a background for future research and exploitation. Keywords: Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetic, Review, Zhujieshen
ISSN:1749-8546
1749-8546
DOI:10.1186/s13020-023-00857-y