An In Vitro Pilot Fermentation Study on the Impact of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolites in Healthy and Coeliac Subjects

The response of a coeliac and a healthy gut microbiota to the green algae was evaluated using an in vitro continuous, pH controlled, gut model system, which simulated the human colon. The effect of on the microbial structure was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and inferred metagenomics, where...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-04, Vol.26 (8), p.2330
Main Authors: van der Linde, Carmen, Barone, Monica, Turroni, Silvia, Brigidi, Patrizia, Keleszade, Enver, Swann, Jonathan R, Costabile, Adele
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic acid
Algae
Aquatic plants
Bacteria
C. pyrenoidosa
Carbohydrates
Celiac disease
Chlorella
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Cholesterol
Colon
Diabetes
Diet
Digestive system
Disease
Faecalibacterium
Fatty acids
Fermentation
Glucose
Gram-positive bacteria
gut microbiome
in vitro gut model
In vivo methods and tests
Intestinal microflora
metabolism
Metabolites
Metagenomics
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Microorganisms
Propionic acid
rRNA 16S
Triglycerides
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Summary:The response of a coeliac and a healthy gut microbiota to the green algae was evaluated using an in vitro continuous, pH controlled, gut model system, which simulated the human colon. The effect of on the microbial structure was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and inferred metagenomics, whereas the metabolic activitywas determined by H-nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopic analysis. The addition of significantly increased the abundance of the genera Prevotella, and in the healthy donor, while an increase in , and and a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae were observed in the coeliac donor. also altered several microbial pathways including those involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. At the metabolic level, a significant increase from baseline was seen in butyrate and propionate ( < 0.0001) in the healthy donor, especially in vessels 2 and 3. While acetate was significantly higher in the healthy donor at baseline in vessel 3 ( < 0.001) compared to the coeliac donor, this was markedly decreased after in vitro fermentation with . This is the first in vitro fermentation study of and human gut microbiota, however, further in vivo studies are needed to prove its efficacy.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules26082330