From the Role of Microbiota in Gut-Lung Axis to SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the outbreak of a new viral respiratory infection. It has been demonstrated that the microbiota has a crucial role in establishing immune responses against respiratory infections, which are controlled by a bidirectional...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mediators of inflammation 2021, Vol.2021, p.6611222-12
Main Authors: Ahmadi Badi, Sara, Tarashi, Samira, Fateh, Abolfazl, Rohani, Pejman, Masotti, Andrea, Siadat, Seyed Davar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ACE2
Angiotensin
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Antibiotics
Antigens
Antiviral agents
Asthma
B cells
Bacteria
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Dendritic cells
Development and progression
Diet
Enzymes
Fatty acids
Health aspects
Homeostasis
Immune response
Immune system
Infections
Inflammation
Intestinal microflora
Ligands
Lung diseases
Lungs
Lymphocytes
Metabolites
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Mortality
Pandemics
Pathogens
Peptides
Peptidyl-dipeptidase A
Physiology
Probiotics
Regulation
Respiratory diseases
Review
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccine efficacy
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Summary:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the outbreak of a new viral respiratory infection. It has been demonstrated that the microbiota has a crucial role in establishing immune responses against respiratory infections, which are controlled by a bidirectional cross-talk, known as the “gut-lung axis.” The effects of microbiota on antiviral immune responses, including dendritic cell (DC) function and lymphocyte homing in the gut-lung axis, have been reported in the recent literature. Additionally, the gut microbiota composition affects (and is affected by) the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which is the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and contributes to regulate inflammation. Several studies demonstrated an altered microbiota composition in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, it has been shown that vaccine efficacy against viral respiratory infection is influenced by probiotics pretreatment. Therefore, the importance of the gut microbiota composition in the lung immune system and ACE2 expression could be valuable to provide optimal therapeutic approaches for SARS-CoV-2 and to preserve the symbiotic relationship of the microbiota with the host.
ISSN:0962-9351
1466-1861
DOI:10.1155/2021/6611222