Surgical Strikes on Host Defenses: Role of the Viral Protease Activity in Innate Immune Antagonism

As a frontline defense mechanism against viral infections, the innate immune system is the primary target of viral antagonism. A number of virulence factors encoded by viruses play roles in circumventing host defenses and augmenting viral replication. Among these factors are viral proteases, which a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2022-04, Vol.11 (5), p.522
Main Authors: Chin, Chue Vin, Saeed, Mohsan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Coronaviruses
Dengue fever
Disease transmission
Encephalitis
Foot & mouth disease
Genomes
Hepatitis
immune antagonism
Immune system
Innate immunity
interferon pathway
Kinases
Pathogenesis
Protease
Proteinase
Proteins
Proteolysis
Respiratory diseases
Review
RNA viruses
Sensors
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Signal transduction
Transcription factors
Viral infections
viral proteases
Virulence
Virulence factors
virus-induced proteolysis
Viruses
West Nile virus
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Summary:As a frontline defense mechanism against viral infections, the innate immune system is the primary target of viral antagonism. A number of virulence factors encoded by viruses play roles in circumventing host defenses and augmenting viral replication. Among these factors are viral proteases, which are primarily responsible for maturation of viral proteins, but in addition cause proteolytic cleavage of cellular proteins involved in innate immune signaling. The study of these viral protease-mediated host cleavages has illuminated the intricacies of innate immune networks and yielded valuable insights into viral pathogenesis. In this review, we will provide a brief summary of how proteases of positive-strand RNA viruses, mainly from the , and families, proteolytically process innate immune components and blunt their functions.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens11050522