The nexus of dynamic T cell states and immune checkpoint blockade therapy in the periphery and tumor microenvironment

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, that is, using monoclonal antibodies to reinvigorate tumor-reactive, antigen-specific T cells from the inhibitory effects of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 immune checkpoints, have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of modern oncology. However, only a subset...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2023-10, Vol.14, p.1267918
Main Authors: Luo, Hong, Wang, Wenxiang, Mai, Jia, Yin, Rutie, Cai, Xuyu, Li, Qintong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Humans
immune checkpoint blockade
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - pharmacology
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Immunology
immunotherapy
Neoplasms - drug therapy
PD-1
peripheral blood
Radioimmunotherapy
T cell
T-Lymphocytes
TCR repertoire
Tumor Microenvironment
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Summary:Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, that is, using monoclonal antibodies to reinvigorate tumor-reactive, antigen-specific T cells from the inhibitory effects of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 immune checkpoints, have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of modern oncology. However, only a subset of patients can benefit from the ICB therapy. Biomarkers associated with ICB response, resistance and prognosis have been subjected to intensive research in the past decade. Early studies focused on the analysis of tumor specimens and their residing microenvironment. However, biopsies can be challenging to obtain in clinical practice, and do not reflect the dynamic changes of immunological parameters during the ICB therapy. Recent studies have investigated profiles of antigen-specific T cells derived from the peripheral compartment using multi-omics approaches. By tracking the clonotype and diversity of tumor-reactive T cell receptor repertoire, these studies collectively establish that priming of antigen-specific T cells in peripheral blood occurs throughout the course of ICB, whereas preexisting T cells prior to ICB are exhausted to various degrees. Here, we review what is known about ICB-induced T cell phenotypic and functional changes in cancer patients both within the tumor microenvironment and in the peripheral compartment. A better understanding of parameters influencing the response to ICBs will provide rationales for developing novel diagnostics and combinatorial therapeutic strategies to maximize the clinical efficacies of ICB therapies.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267918