Structural Investigation of the Synthesized Few-Layer Graphene from Coal under Microwave

This study focused on the structural investigation of few-layer graphene (FLG) synthesis from bituminous coal through a catalytic process under microwave heat treatment (MW). The produced FLG has been examined by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, and AFM. Coal was activated using the potassium hydroxide...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-12, Vol.12 (1), p.57
Main Authors: Islam, Faridul, Tahmasebi, Arash, Moghtaderi, Behdad, Yu, Jianglong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bituminous coal
Carbon
catalyst
Catalysts
Chemical synthesis
Coal
Composite materials
few-layer graphene
Graphene
Graphite
Heat treatment
Heat treatments
microwave
Microwave radiation
Microwaves
Nitrates
Potash
Potassium
Potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxides
Raman spectra
Raman spectroscopy
Spectrum analysis
Thin films
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Summary:This study focused on the structural investigation of few-layer graphene (FLG) synthesis from bituminous coal through a catalytic process under microwave heat treatment (MW). The produced FLG has been examined by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, and AFM. Coal was activated using the potassium hydroxide activation process. The FLG synthesis processing duration was much faster requiring only 20 min under the microwave radiation. To analyse few-layer graphene samples, we considered the three bands, i.e., D, G, and 2D, of Raman spectra. At 1300 °C, the P10% Fe sample resulted in fewer defects than the other catalyst percentages sample. The catalyst percentages affected the structural change of the FLG composite materials. In addition, the Raman mapping showed that the catalyst loaded sample was homogeneously distributed and indicated a few-layer graphene sheet. In addition, the AFM technique measured the FLG thickness around 4.5 nm. Furthermore, the HRTEM images of the P10% Fe sample contained a unique morphology with 2-7 graphitic layers of graphene thin sheets. This research reported the structural revolution with latent feasibility of FLG synthesis from bituminous coal in a wide range.
ISSN:2079-4991
2079-4991
DOI:10.3390/nano12010057