Applications of Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) in the Study of Body Composition in Athletes

The study of body composition (BC) allows evaluating nutritional status, optimizing competitive performance, and monitoring the success of training regimens in athletes. Since BC reference techniques are expensive and/or invasive, in practice simpler, less expensive, and safer methods such as anthro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied sciences 2021-11, Vol.11 (21), p.9781
Main Authors: de la Cruz Marcos, Sandra, Redondo del Río, Mª Paz, de Mateo Silleras, Beatriz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anthropometry
Athletes
bioelectrical impedance vector analysis
Bioelectricity
bioimpedance analysis
Body composition
Electric currents
Human body
Hydration
Impedance
Measurement techniques
Nutritional status
Physical characteristics
Physical properties
Qualitative analysis
Sports
Vector analysis
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Summary:The study of body composition (BC) allows evaluating nutritional status, optimizing competitive performance, and monitoring the success of training regimens in athletes. Since BC reference techniques are expensive and/or invasive, in practice simpler, less expensive, and safer methods such as anthropometry are often used. The problem is that anthropometry requires a qualified anthropometrist, a rigorous measurement protocol using validated equipment, and a lengthy procedure because of its limited accuracy. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is an indirect method for estimating BC in a simple, fast, inexpensive, noninvasive, accurate, and reproducible manner. Despite the limitations of conventional BIA, it is still the most commonly used method for assessing BC in athletes. However, bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) allows qualitative assessment of body cell mass (BCM) and hydration status without the need for biological assumptions and without being subject to conventional BIA errors. The purpose of this article was to demonstrate the uses and applications of BIA in the study of the BC and physical characteristics of athletes. For example, several practical cases of athletes from different sports were compared. The results obtained from somatotype studies, conventional BIA, and BIVA were included. BIVA interpretation and somatotype were consistent for all cases analyzed, but BIVA also provided information about hydration and BCM. The application of BIVA in the assessment of athletes can improve BC studies in sports because it is fast, simple, and reliable and neither imposes two-compartment-model limitations on BC estimation nor requires any biological assumptions.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app11219781