Rotaviruses: From Pathogenesis to Disease Control-A Critical Review

Since their first recognition in human cases about four decades ago, rotaviruses have remained the leading cause of acute severe dehydrating diarrhea among infants and young children worldwide. The WHO prequalification of oral rotavirus vaccines (ORV) a decade ago and its introduction in many countr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2022-04, Vol.14 (5), p.875
Main Authors: Omatola, Cornelius A, Olaniran, Ademola O
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Asymptomatic
Breast feeding
Child
Child, Preschool
Developing countries
Diarrhea
Disease control
Drug development
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Feces
Food contamination & poisoning
Gastroenteritis
Genetic diversity
Genomes
Humans
Immune response
Immunosuppressive agents
Infant
Infections
LDCs
Microscopy
Pathogenesis
Probiotics
Proteins
Review
Rotavirus
Rotavirus - genetics
Rotavirus Infections - epidemiology
Rotavirus Infections - prevention & control
Rotavirus Vaccines - therapeutic use
Toys
Vaccination
Vaccines
Viruses
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Summary:Since their first recognition in human cases about four decades ago, rotaviruses have remained the leading cause of acute severe dehydrating diarrhea among infants and young children worldwide. The WHO prequalification of oral rotavirus vaccines (ORV) a decade ago and its introduction in many countries have yielded a significant decline in the global burden of the disease, although not without challenges to achieving global effectiveness. Poised by the unending malady of rotavirus diarrhea and the attributable death cases in developing countries, we provide detailed insights into rotavirus biology, exposure pathways, cellular receptors and pathogenesis, host immune response, epidemiology, and vaccination. Additionally, recent developments on the various host, viral and environmental associated factors impacting ORV performance in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) are reviewed and their significance assessed. In addition, we review the advances in nonvaccine strategies (probiotics, candidate anti-rotaviral drugs, breastfeeding) to disease prevention and management.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v14050875