Long Non-coding RNAs as Important Biomarkers in Laryngeal Cancer and Other Head and Neck Tumours

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2019-07, Vol.20 (14), p.3444
• Main Authors: Cossu, Alessia Maria, Mosca, Laura, Zappavigna, Silvia, Misso, Gabriella, Bocchetti, Marco, De Micco, Federica, Quagliuolo, Lucio, Porcelli, Marina, Caraglia, Michele, Boccellino, Mariarosaria
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenocarcinoma; Alcohol; Angiogenesis; Animals; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Body fluids; Cancer therapies; Cell cycle; Cell growth; Cell Line, Tumor; Computational Biology - methods; Deregulation; Diagnostic systems; Epigenetics; Esophagus; Feedback loops; Gene expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Head & neck cancer; head and neck cancer (HNC); Head and Neck Neoplasms - genetics; Head and Neck Neoplasms - metabolism; Head and Neck Neoplasms - mortality; Head and Neck Neoplasms - pathology; head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC); Human papillomavirus; Humans; Laryngeal cancer; laryngeal cancer (LC); Laryngeal Neoplasms - genetics; Laryngeal Neoplasms - metabolism; Laryngeal Neoplasms - mortality; Laryngeal Neoplasms - pathology; laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC); Larynx; Liver cancer; long ncRNA (lncRNA); Medical prognosis; Metastases; Metastasis; MicroRNAs; miRNA; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Mutation; Non-coding RNA; Pancreas; Prognosis; prognostic biomarker; Review; RNA Interference; RNA polymerase; RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics; Roles; Squamous cell carcinoma; Thyroid cancer; Tobacco; Tumors
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143444

Head and neck carcinoma (HNC) is a heterogeneous disease encompassing a variety of tumors according to the origin. Laryngeal cancer (LC) represents one of the most frequent tumors in the head and neck region. Despite clinical studies and advance in treatment, satisfactory curative strategy has not yet been reached. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the identification of specific molecular signatures that better predict the clinical outcomes and markers that serve as suitable therapeutic targets. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are reported as important regulators of gene expression and represent an innovative pharmacological application as molecular biomarkers in cancer. The purpose of this review is to discuss the most relevant epigenetic and histological prognostic biomarkers in HNC, with particular focus on LC. We summarize the emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in HNC and LC development and their possible use in early diagnosis.