Recent Progress in Innate Immune Responses to Enterovirus A71 and Viral Evasion Strategies

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a major pathogen causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children worldwide. It can lead to severe gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and neurological complications. The innate immune system, which rapidly detects pathogens via pathogen-associated molecular patterns or...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-06, Vol.25 (11), p.5688
Main Authors: Wei, Jialong, Lv, Linxi, Wang, Tian, Gu, Wei, Luo, Yang, Feng, Hui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Coxsackievirus infections
enterovirus
Enterovirus A, Human - immunology
Enterovirus A, Human - pathogenicity
Enterovirus Infections - immunology
Enterovirus Infections - virology
Epidemics
Epidemiology
evasion strategies
Genomes
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - immunology
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - virology
hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD)
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Humans
Immune Evasion - immunology
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity, Innate
Infection
Infections
innate immune response
Kinases
Mitochondrial DNA
Pathogenesis
Pathogens
Poliomyelitis
Proteins
Public health
Review
Viral infections
Virology
Viruses
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Summary:Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a major pathogen causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children worldwide. It can lead to severe gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and neurological complications. The innate immune system, which rapidly detects pathogens via pathogen-associated molecular patterns or pathogen-encoded effectors, serves as the first defensive line against EV-A71 infection. Concurrently, the virus has developed various sophisticated strategies to evade host antiviral responses and establish productive infection. Thus, the virus-host interactions and conflicts, as well as the ability to govern biological events at this first line of defense, contribute significantly to the pathogenesis and outcomes of EV-A71 infection. In this review, we update recent progress on host innate immune responses to EV-A71 infection. In addition, we discuss the underlying strategies employed by EV-A71 to escape host innate immune responses. A better understanding of the interplay between EV-A71 and host innate immunity may unravel potential antiviral targets, as well as strategies that can improve patient outcomes.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25115688