Effect of the Harvest Season of Anthyllis henoniana Stems on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities: Phytochemical Profiling of Their Ethyl Acetate Extracts

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-05, Vol.28 (9), p.3947
• Main Authors: Ayachi, Amani, Ben Younes, Amer, Ben Ammar, Ameni, Bouzayani, Bouthaina, Samet, Sonda, Siala, Mariam, Trigui, Mohamed, Treilhou, Michel, Téné, Nathan, Mezghani-Jarraya, Raoudha
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Anthyllis; Anthyllis henoniana; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Antimicrobial activity; antioxidant and antimicrobial activities; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Chemical composition; Ethyl acetate; ethyl acetate extracts; Flavonoids; Flavonoids - analysis; Free radicals; Fungicides; Hexanes; LC-HESI-MSn; Life Sciences; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolites; Phenolic acids; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Phytochemicals - chemistry; Phytochemicals - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Relative abundance; Seasons; Spring; Spring (season); Triterpenoids; Vitamin C; Winter
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093947

stems were harvested in two seasons: winter and spring (February and May 2021). In this study, we investigated the antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and TAC) and antimicrobial activities, total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents of the obtained extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract from stems harvested in winter exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, while ethyl acetate extract from the stems harvested in spring showed the most potent antibacterial and antifungal activities. To explain these differences, we investigated the phytochemical composition of these two extracts using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Therefore, 45 compounds were detected, from which we identified 20 compounds (flavonoids, triterpenoids, chalcones and phenolic acids); some were specific to the harvest month while others were common for both periods. Some of the major compounds detected in ethyl acetate (spring) were dihydrochalcone (Kanzonol Y, 8.2%) and flavanone (sophoraflavanone G, 5.9%), previously recognized for their antimicrobial effects. We therefore concluded that the difference in activities observed for the two harvest periods depends on the chemical composition of the extracts and the relative abundance of each compound.