Overview of municipal solid wastes-derived refuse-derived fuels for cement co-processing

The global municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate is 2.01 billion metric tonnes annually with an average of 0.74 kg waste/person/day. Approximately 92 % of the MSW originates from organics composition (e.g., food waste; plastic; paper; garden waste/woods, and textile), where 33 % of overall MSW...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Alexandria engineering journal 2023-12, Vol.84, p.153-174
Main Authors: Tihin, Gertruth Leevhan, Mo, Kim Hung, Onn, Chiu Chuen, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Lee, Hwei Voon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alternative solid fuel
Calorific value
Organic wastes
Torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonization
Waste-to-energy
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Summary:The global municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate is 2.01 billion metric tonnes annually with an average of 0.74 kg waste/person/day. Approximately 92 % of the MSW originates from organics composition (e.g., food waste; plastic; paper; garden waste/woods, and textile), where 33 % of overall MSW is improperly managed in an efficient and environmentally safe manner. One of the promising methods to solve MSW management issues is to convert MSW into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) that can be used for the clinker burning process in cement kiln to replace the usage of fossil-based solid fuel. Thus, the potential of local MSW composition in energy recovery; suitability of RDF production technology; as well as international-industry requirement on RDF in co-processing and environmental concerns are discussed. Due to heterogeneous composition and sizes in nature, high moisture, and substantial amount of chloride content in MSW, it needs to undergo pre-treatment processes to enhance the RDF’s physio-chemical properties that comply with RDF ASTM/EN standards, where expected high heating value (HHV) is > 20 MJ/kg, ash (
ISSN:1110-0168
DOI:10.1016/j.aej.2023.10.043