Morphological Characterization of 1322 Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties from EU Referent Collection

The wheat grain yields increased in EU from 4.98 t ha−1 to 5.45 t ha−1 in the periods from 2006 to 2014 to from 2015 to 2023. It is hypothesized that changes in specific morphological traits over the years resulted in grain yield increase due to the utilization of new wheat varieties in production....

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Agriculture (Basel) 2024-04, Vol.14 (4), p.551
Main Authors: Spanic, Valentina, Lalic, Zvonimir, Berakovic, Ivica, Jukic, Goran, Varnica, Ivan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Area
Color
Crop yield
Crop yields
Food
Grain
grain yield
Leaves
Morphology
New varieties
Plants
Principal components analysis
Registration
regression
Regression analysis
seed color
Seeds
Segments
Wheat
Wheat industry
Winter wheat
year of registration
Citations: Items that this one cites
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The wheat grain yields increased in EU from 4.98 t ha−1 to 5.45 t ha−1 in the periods from 2006 to 2014 to from 2015 to 2023. It is hypothesized that changes in specific morphological traits over the years resulted in grain yield increase due to the utilization of new wheat varieties in production. To highlight the current status and changes over time, we evaluated a comprehensive panel of 1322 wheat varieties that included testing of morphological traits of varieties recognized from period from 2006 till 2023. Positive relation of registration year with traits such as seed color, glaucosity of neck of culm, plant height, ear length, scurs and awns length, ear color, and shape of the beak of the lower glume was obtained. The most significant changes over time resulted in a darker color of the seed, decreased area of hairiness of the convex surface of the apical rachis segment, enhanced glaucosity of the neck of the culm and decreased frequency of the plants with recurved flag leaves. It was shown that traits such as the frequency of plants with recurved flag leaves, time of emergence, glaucosity of flag leaves, existence of scurs and awns, and area of the hairiness of the convex surface of the apical rachis segment had significant decreases over time. This research demonstrated the importance of twelve morphological traits in the varietal improvement of grain yield over the time from 2006 to 2023.
ISSN:2077-0472
2077-0472
DOI:10.3390/agriculture14040551