Subpopulations of High-Density Lipoprotein: Friends or Foes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease?

Dyslipidemia is a major traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, although the altered lipid profile does not explain the number and severity of CVD events. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous (size, composition, and functionalit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2021-05, Vol.9 (5), p.554
Main Authors: Coimbra, Susana, Reis, Flávio, Valente, Maria João, Rocha, Susana, Catarino, Cristina, Rocha-Pereira, Petronila, Sameiro-Faria, Maria, Bronze-da-Rocha, Elsa, Belo, Luís, Santos-Silva, Alice
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute coronary syndromes
Cardiovascular disease
cardiovascular disease risk
Cardiovascular diseases
Cholesterol
chronic kidney disease
Coexistence
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Dyslipidemia
HDL functionality
HDL subpopulations
High density lipoprotein
Hypertension
Inflammation
Kidney diseases
Lipid composition
Lipids
Lipoproteins
Mortality
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Oxidative stress
Proteins
Proteomes
Review
Risk factors
Standardization
Subpopulations
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Summary:Dyslipidemia is a major traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, although the altered lipid profile does not explain the number and severity of CVD events. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous (size, composition, and functionality) population of particles with different atherogenic or atheroprotective properties. HDL-cholesterol concentrations per se may not entirely reflect a beneficial or a risk profile for CVD. Large HDL in CKD patients may have a unique proteome and lipid composition, impairing their cholesterol efflux capacity. This lack of HDL functionality may contribute to the paradoxical coexistence of increased large HDL and enhanced risk for CVD events. Moreover, CKD is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and/or hypertension that are able to interfere with the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antithrombotic properties of HDL subpopulations. How these changes interfere with HDL functions in CKD is still poorly understood. Further studies are warranted to fully clarify if different HDL subpopulations present different functionalities and/or atheroprotective effects. To achieve this goal, the standardization of techniques would be valuable.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines9050554