Trypanosomes of the Trypanosoma theileri Group: Phylogeny and New Potential Vectors

Trypanosomes belonging to group are mammalian blood parasites with keds and horse fly vectors. Our aim is to study to vector specificity of trypanosomes. During our bloodsucking Diptera survey, we found a surprisingly high prevalence of trypanosomes in mosquitoes (154/4051). Using PCR and gut dissec...

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Published in:Microorganisms (Basel) 2022-01, Vol.10 (2), p.294
Main Authors: Brotánková, Anna, Fialová, Magdaléna, Čepička, Ivan, Brzoňová, Jana, Svobodová, Milena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic insects
Black flies
Blood parasites
Culicidae
Ethanol
Infections
Insects
ked
mosquito
Mosquitoes
Parasites
Phlebotomus
Phylogeny
Polymerase chain reaction
rRNA 18S
Sheep
tabanid
Trypanosoma melophagium
Trypanosoma theileri
Urine
Vectors
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Summary:Trypanosomes belonging to group are mammalian blood parasites with keds and horse fly vectors. Our aim is to study to vector specificity of trypanosomes. During our bloodsucking Diptera survey, we found a surprisingly high prevalence of trypanosomes in mosquitoes (154/4051). Using PCR and gut dissections, we detected trypanosomes of group mainly in mosquitoes, with the highest prevalence in (22%), (21%), and (10%). Moreover, group were found in keds and blackflies, which were reported as potential vectors for the first time. The vectorial capacity was confirmed by experimental infections of using our isolates from mosquitoes; sand fly supported the development of trypanosomes as well. Infection rates were high in both vectors (47-91% in mosquitoes, 65% in sandflies). Furthermore, metacyclic stages of trypanosomes were observed in the gut of infected vectors; these putative infectious forms were found in the urine of after a second bloodmeal. On the contrary, was refractory to experimental infections. According to a phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, our trypanosomes belong into three lineages, TthI, ThII, and a lineage referred to as here a putative lineage TthIII. The TthI lineage is transmitted by Brachycera, while TthII and ThIII include trypanosomes from Nematocera. In conclusion, we show that trypanosomes have a wide range of potential dipteran vectors, and mosquitoes and, possibly, sandflies serve as important vectors.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms10020294