Assessment of ADHD Subtypes Using Motion Tracking Recognition Based on Stroop Color-Word Tests

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder known for its significant heterogeneity and varied symptom presentation. Describing the different subtypes as predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I), combined (ADHD-C), and hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-H) relies primarily on...

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Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-01, Vol.24 (2), p.323
Main Authors: Li, Chao, Delgado-Gómez, David, Sujar, Aaron, Wang, Ping, Martin-Moratinos, Marina, Bella-Fernández, Marcos, Masó-Besga, Antonio Eduardo, Peñuelas-Calvo, Inmaculada, Ardoy-Cuadros, Juan, Hernández-Liebo, Paula, Blasco-Fontecilla, Hilario
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ADHD
Adolescent
Analysis
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Child
Congenital diseases
Drug therapy
Guardians
Humans
Hyperactivity
Impulsive Behavior
Impulsivity
Intelligence tests
Kinect
Memory
Mental disorders
Mental health
Motion
motion tracking
Movement
Neuropsychology
Pilot Projects
Psychotherapy
reaction time
Sociodemographics
Stroop effect
subgroups
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Summary:Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder known for its significant heterogeneity and varied symptom presentation. Describing the different subtypes as predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I), combined (ADHD-C), and hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-H) relies primarily on clinical observations, which can be subjective. To address the need for more objective diagnostic methods, this pilot study implemented a Microsoft Kinect-based Stroop Color-Word Test (KSWCT) with the objective of investigating the potential differences in executive function and motor control between different subtypes in a group of children and adolescents with ADHD. A series of linear mixture modeling were used to encompass the performance accuracy, reaction times, and extraneous movements during the tests. Our findings suggested that age plays a critical role, and older subjects showed improvements in KSWCT performance; however, no significant divergence in activity level between the subtypes (ADHD-I and ADHD-H/C) was established. Patients with ADHD-H/C showed tendencies toward deficits in motor planning and executive control, exhibited by shorter reaction times for incorrect responses and more difficulty suppressing erroneous responses. This study provides preliminary evidence of unique executive characteristics among ADHD subtypes, advances our understanding of the heterogeneity of the disorder, and lays the foundation for the development of refined and objective diagnostic tools for ADHD.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s24020323