A Practical Format to Organize Cancer Constellations Using Innate Immune System Biomarkers: Implications for Early Diagnosis and Prognostication

Cancer discovery is directed at the identification of a specific cancer type which allows for specific therapeutic interventions. Background/Objectives: Recently, similar immune checkpoint therapeutics have been applied with success across several cancer types, opening the field for other immune dis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of translational medicine 2024-12, Vol.4 (4), p.726-739
Main Authors: Tobi, Martin, Talwar, Harvinder, Rossi, Noreen F., Lockette, Warren, McVicker, Benita
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
absolute neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio
Adnab-9
Antibodies
Biomarkers
Breast cancer
cancer constellations
Colonoscopy
Colorectal cancer
COVID-19
FERAD ratio
Gastric cancer
Head & neck cancer
Immunohistochemistry
Kidney cancer
Leukemia
Lung cancer
Lymphoma
Medical prognosis
Melanoma
Metastasis
Neutrophils
p87
Pancreatic cancer
Patients
PD-L1 treatment outcomes
Prostate
Proteins
Ratios
Thyroid cancer
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Summary:Cancer discovery is directed at the identification of a specific cancer type which allows for specific therapeutic interventions. Background/Objectives: Recently, similar immune checkpoint therapeutics have been applied with success across several cancer types, opening the field for other immune disruptive interventions that have practical applications. Methods: We have discovered an innate immune system (InImS) biomarker that allows for the characterization of allied cancer subtypes and outliers that might aid with diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication. Results: These InImS biomarkers are related to PD-L1 treatment outcomes and can be potentially manipulated by dietary means. Conclusions: The FERAD (ferritin–fecal p87) and absolute neutrophil/lymphocyte (aNLR) ratios are two such InImS biomarkers and we show herein, that they allow for the discovery of diagnosis and prognostication patterns, as demonstrated by this study.
ISSN:2673-8937
2673-8937
DOI:10.3390/ijtm4040050