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Bacterial diversity in Icelandic cold spring sources and in relation to the groundwater amphipod Crangonyx islandicus
Crangonyx islandicus is a groundwater amphipod endemic to Iceland, considered to have survived the Ice Ages in subglacial refugia. Currently the species is found in spring sources in lava fields along the tectonic plate boundary of the country. The discovery of a groundwater species in this inaccess...
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Published in: | PloS one 2019-10, Vol.14 (10), p.e0222527-e0222527 |
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description | Crangonyx islandicus is a groundwater amphipod endemic to Iceland, considered to have survived the Ice Ages in subglacial refugia. Currently the species is found in spring sources in lava fields along the tectonic plate boundary of the country. The discovery of a groundwater species in this inaccessible habitat indicates a hidden ecosystem possibly based on chemoautotrophic microorganisms as primary producers. To explore this spring ecosystem, we assessed its microbial diversity and analysed whether and how the diversity varied between the amphipods and the spring water, and if was dependent on environmental factors and geological settings. Isolated DNA from spring water and from amphipods was analysed using metabarcoding methods, targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Two genera of bacteria, Halomonas and Shewanella were dominating in the amphipod samples in terms of relative abundance, but not in the groundwater samples where Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and Alkanindiges among others were dominating. The richness of the bacteria taxa in the microbial community of the groundwater spring sources was shaped by pH level and the beta diversity was shaped by geographic locations. |
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Currently the species is found in spring sources in lava fields along the tectonic plate boundary of the country. The discovery of a groundwater species in this inaccessible habitat indicates a hidden ecosystem possibly based on chemoautotrophic microorganisms as primary producers. To explore this spring ecosystem, we assessed its microbial diversity and analysed whether and how the diversity varied between the amphipods and the spring water, and if was dependent on environmental factors and geological settings. Isolated DNA from spring water and from amphipods was analysed using metabarcoding methods, targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Two genera of bacteria, Halomonas and Shewanella were dominating in the amphipod samples in terms of relative abundance, but not in the groundwater samples where Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and Alkanindiges among others were dominating. The richness of the bacteria taxa in the microbial community of the groundwater spring sources was shaped by pH level and the beta diversity was shaped by geographic locations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222527</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31577799</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Amphipoda - microbiology ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Bacteria - genetics ; Bacteria - growth & development ; Biodiversity ; Biology and Life Sciences ; DNA ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystems ; Gammaridea ; Genes ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic research ; Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Groundwater ; Groundwater - microbiology ; Iceland ; Linear Models ; Microbiota ; Microorganisms ; People and Places ; RNA ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; Tectonics ; Water</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-10, Vol.14 (10), p.e0222527-e0222527</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Guðmundsdóttir et al 2019 Guðmundsdóttir et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c640t-ea49b3d3234a8dd0ee325bb0e8f06f380dba5ea86fb6c4fbdd27867d4ffa5eda3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c640t-ea49b3d3234a8dd0ee325bb0e8f06f380dba5ea86fb6c4fbdd27867d4ffa5eda3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0145-5122</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6774475/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6774475/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,37013,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31577799$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Borruso, Luigimaria</contributor><creatorcontrib>Guðmundsdóttir, Ragnhildur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kreiling, Agnes-Katharina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kristjánsson, Bjarni Kristófer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marteinsson, Viggó Þór</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pálsson, Snæbjörn</creatorcontrib><title>Bacterial diversity in Icelandic cold spring sources and in relation to the groundwater amphipod Crangonyx islandicus</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Crangonyx islandicus is a groundwater amphipod endemic to Iceland, considered to have survived the Ice Ages in subglacial refugia. Currently the species is found in spring sources in lava fields along the tectonic plate boundary of the country. The discovery of a groundwater species in this inaccessible habitat indicates a hidden ecosystem possibly based on chemoautotrophic microorganisms as primary producers. To explore this spring ecosystem, we assessed its microbial diversity and analysed whether and how the diversity varied between the amphipods and the spring water, and if was dependent on environmental factors and geological settings. Isolated DNA from spring water and from amphipods was analysed using metabarcoding methods, targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Two genera of bacteria, Halomonas and Shewanella were dominating in the amphipod samples in terms of relative abundance, but not in the groundwater samples where Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and Alkanindiges among others were dominating. The richness of the bacteria taxa in the microbial community of the groundwater spring sources was shaped by pH level and the beta diversity was shaped by geographic locations.</description><subject>Amphipoda - microbiology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Bacteria - growth & development</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Gammaridea</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic research</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater - microbiology</subject><subject>Iceland</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics</subject><subject>Tectonics</subject><subject>Water</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl2L1DAUhoso7rr6D0QCgujFjGnSJu2NsA5-DCws-HUbTvPRydJJxiRdd_69qTMuU_BCetFy8pwnyelbFM9LvCwpL9_e-DE4GJY77_QSE0Jqwh8U52VLyYIRTB-efJ8VT2K8wbimDWOPizNa1pzztj0vxvcgkw4WBqTsrQ7Rpj2yDq2lHsApK5H0g0JxF6zrUcx7Sh1RXpmgkJlkvUPJo7TRqA9-dOoXZCGC7W5jd16hVQDXe7e_QzYelGN8WjwyMET97Pi-KL5__PBt9Xlxdf1pvbq8WkhW4bTQULUdVZTQChqlsNaU1F2HdWMwM7TBqoNaQ8NMx2RlOqUIbxhXlTG5roBeFOuDV3m4EfkOWwh74cGKPwUfegEhWTlo0RpeNsBVIxWtZNl1dUlajgk1TQXE1Nn17uDajd1WK6ldCjDMpPMVZzei97eCcV5VfBK8PgqC_znqmMTWxjzmPBTtxygIzT-o5bRlGX15QHvIR7PO-GyUEy4uGS5rzCqKM7X8B5UfpbdW5lgYm-uzhjezhswkfZd6GGMU669f_p-9_jFnX52wGw1D2kQ_jFM24hysDqAMPsagzf34SiymVItjqsWUanFMdW57cTr6-6a_Maa_Ab6K9xw</recordid><startdate>20191002</startdate><enddate>20191002</enddate><creator>Guðmundsdóttir, Ragnhildur</creator><creator>Kreiling, Agnes-Katharina</creator><creator>Kristjánsson, Bjarni Kristófer</creator><creator>Marteinsson, Viggó Þór</creator><creator>Pálsson, Snæbjörn</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-5122</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191002</creationdate><title>Bacterial diversity in Icelandic cold spring sources and in relation to the groundwater amphipod Crangonyx islandicus</title><author>Guðmundsdóttir, Ragnhildur ; Kreiling, Agnes-Katharina ; Kristjánsson, Bjarni Kristófer ; Marteinsson, Viggó Þór ; Pálsson, Snæbjörn</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c640t-ea49b3d3234a8dd0ee325bb0e8f06f380dba5ea86fb6c4fbdd27867d4ffa5eda3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Amphipoda - microbiology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Bacteria - genetics</topic><topic>Bacteria - growth & development</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Gammaridea</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetic research</topic><topic>Genetic Variation</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater - microbiology</topic><topic>Iceland</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Microbiota</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>People and Places</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics</topic><topic>Tectonics</topic><topic>Water</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Guðmundsdóttir, Ragnhildur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kreiling, Agnes-Katharina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kristjánsson, Bjarni Kristófer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marteinsson, Viggó Þór</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pálsson, Snæbjörn</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Guðmundsdóttir, Ragnhildur</au><au>Kreiling, Agnes-Katharina</au><au>Kristjánsson, Bjarni Kristófer</au><au>Marteinsson, Viggó Þór</au><au>Pálsson, Snæbjörn</au><au>Borruso, Luigimaria</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Bacterial diversity in Icelandic cold spring sources and in relation to the groundwater amphipod Crangonyx islandicus</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-10-02</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e0222527</spage><epage>e0222527</epage><pages>e0222527-e0222527</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Crangonyx islandicus is a groundwater amphipod endemic to Iceland, considered to have survived the Ice Ages in subglacial refugia. Currently the species is found in spring sources in lava fields along the tectonic plate boundary of the country. The discovery of a groundwater species in this inaccessible habitat indicates a hidden ecosystem possibly based on chemoautotrophic microorganisms as primary producers. To explore this spring ecosystem, we assessed its microbial diversity and analysed whether and how the diversity varied between the amphipods and the spring water, and if was dependent on environmental factors and geological settings. Isolated DNA from spring water and from amphipods was analysed using metabarcoding methods, targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Two genera of bacteria, Halomonas and Shewanella were dominating in the amphipod samples in terms of relative abundance, but not in the groundwater samples where Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and Alkanindiges among others were dominating. The richness of the bacteria taxa in the microbial community of the groundwater spring sources was shaped by pH level and the beta diversity was shaped by geographic locations.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31577799</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0222527</doi><tpages>e0222527</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-5122</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Amphipoda - microbiology Animals Bacteria Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - growth & development Biodiversity Biology and Life Sciences DNA Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems Gammaridea Genes Genetic aspects Genetic research Genetic Variation Geography Groundwater Groundwater - microbiology Iceland Linear Models Microbiota Microorganisms People and Places RNA RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Tectonics Water |
title | Bacterial diversity in Icelandic cold spring sources and in relation to the groundwater amphipod Crangonyx islandicus |
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