Serum Neurofilament and Free Light Chain Levels in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. Despite the established diagnostic criteria, monitoring disease activity and treatment remains challenging. To address this limitation, we investigated serum neuro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-01, Vol.25 (2), p.1254
Main Authors: Luigetti, Marco, Primiano, Guido, Basile, Valerio, Vitali, Francesca, Pignalosa, Stefano, Romano, Angela, Sabino, Andrea, Marino, Mariapaola, Di Santo, Riccardo, Ciasca, Gabriele, Basile, Umberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
B cells
Biomarkers
Cerebrospinal fluid
chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
free light chains
Humans
Hyperactivity
Immune system
Immunoglobulin Light Chains
Immunoglobulins
Inflammation
Inflammatory diseases
Intermediate Filaments
Light
Lymphocytes
Multiple sclerosis
Nervous system
neurofilament light chain
Neurophysiology
Patients
Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating - diagnosis
Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating - drug therapy
Steroids
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Summary:Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. Despite the established diagnostic criteria, monitoring disease activity and treatment remains challenging. To address this limitation, we investigated serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and serum free light chains (sFLCs) as potential biomarkers. A total of 32 CIDP patients undergoing immunoglobulin therapy and 32 healthy controls enrolled in the present study, and agreed to have their blood plasma sNfL and sFLCs analyzed, while CIDP severity was assessed through the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale (ONLS). In line with the immunoglobulin treatment aimed at limiting neuronal damage administered to the majority of patients, sNfL levels did not exhibit significant differences between the two groups. However, CIDP patients showed significantly elevated sFLC and sFLC ratios, while the marker levels did not correlate with the clinical scores. The study confirms the potential of sFLCs as a sensitive biomarker of inflammatory processes in CIDP. Additionally, the present study results regarding neurofilaments strengthen the role of sNfL in monitoring CIDP treatments, confirming the effectiveness of immunoglobulin therapy. Overall, our results demonstrate how combining these markers can lead to better patient characterization for improved treatment.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25021254