Salinity Affects Saxitoxins (STXs) Toxicity in the Dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum , with Low Transcription of SXT-Biosynthesis Genes sxtA4 and sxtG

Salinity is an important factor for regulating metabolic processes in aquatic organisms; however, its effects on toxicity and STX biosynthesis gene responses in dinoflagellates require further elucidation. Herein, we evaluated the physiological responses, toxin production, and expression levels of t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2021-10, Vol.13 (10), p.733
Main Authors: Bui, Quynh Thi Nhu, Kim, Hansol, Park, Hyunjun, Ki, Jang-Seu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alexandrium pacificum
Aquatic organisms
Biosynthesis
Cell division
Cell Enlargement - drug effects
Cell growth
Cell size
Cyanobacteria
dinoflagellate
Dinoflagellates
Dinoflagellida - genetics
Dinoflagellida - growth & development
Dinoflagellida - metabolism
Gene expression
Genes
Microorganisms
Physiological responses
Physiology
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Salinity
Salinity effects
Saxitoxin - biosynthesis
Saxitoxin - genetics
saxitoxin biosynthesis gene
Shellfish
Stationary phase
Toxicity
toxin production
Toxins
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Summary:Salinity is an important factor for regulating metabolic processes in aquatic organisms; however, its effects on toxicity and STX biosynthesis gene responses in dinoflagellates require further elucidation. Herein, we evaluated the physiological responses, toxin production, and expression levels of two STX synthesis core genes, and , in the dinoflagellate Alex05 under different salinities (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 psu). Optimal growth was observed at 30 psu (0.12 cell division/d), but cell growth significantly decreased at 20 psu and was irregular at 25 and 40 psu. The cell size increased at lower salinities, with the highest size of 31.5 µm at 20 psu. STXs eq was highest (35.8 fmol/cell) in the exponential phase at 30 psu. GTX4 and C2 were predominant at that time but were replaced by GTX1 and NeoSTX in the stationary phase. However, and mRNAs were induced, and their patterns were similar in all tested conditions. PCA showed that gene transcriptional levels were not correlated with toxin contents and salinity. These results suggest that may produce the highest amount of toxins at optimal salinity, but and may be only minimally affected by salinity, even under high salinity stress.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins13100733