Role of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Papilloma Virus in the Development of Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Literature Review

The aim of this review was to describe the association and related mechanisms between HPV, EBV, and the development of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. A search for scientific evidence was carried out in electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO). It was found that, among the carcinogenic mechanism...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of dentistry 2022, Vol.2022, p.1-9
Main Authors: Migliaro, Michela, Massuh, Daniela, Infante, María Fernanda, Brahm, Ana María, San Martín, María Trinidad, Ortuño, Duniel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcohol
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogens
Cell cycle
Epidemiology
Epigenetics
Epstein-Barr virus
Gender
Gene expression
Head & neck cancer
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Human papillomavirus
Immune system
Infections
Literature reviews
Medical prognosis
Mortality
Oral cancer
Oropharyngeal cancer
p53 Protein
Proteins
Review
Sexual behavior
Throat cancer
Tobacco
Tumors
Viral infections
Viruses
Women
Young adults
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Summary:The aim of this review was to describe the association and related mechanisms between HPV, EBV, and the development of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. A search for scientific evidence was carried out in electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO). It was found that, among the carcinogenic mechanisms of HPV, E6 and E7 proteins are responsible for the malignization process, inhibiting tumor suppressors p53 and pRb. As to EBV, it was noted that its “hit and run” phenomenon manipulates the host epigenetic mechanism, triggering the tumor process without the virus being currently present; a “cellular reprogramming” is essentially generated, causing heritable changes in gene expression without DNA mutation. In conclusion, there is an association between oropharyngeal carcinogenesis and HPV and also between the former and EBV. Further studies are required to clarify the causal mechanisms and impact of both viruses on cancer development and to obtain biomarkers of greater specificity in the case of EBV.
ISSN:1687-8728
1687-8736
DOI:10.1155/2022/3191569