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Giant Planet Atmospheres: Dynamics and Variability from UV to Near-IR Hubble and Adaptive Optics Imaging
Each of the giant planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, has been observed by at least one robotic spacecraft mission. However, these missions are infrequent; Uranus and Neptune have only had a single flyby by Voyager 2. The Hubble Space Telescope, particularly the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)...
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Published in: | Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-03, Vol.14 (6), p.1518 |
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description | Each of the giant planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, has been observed by at least one robotic spacecraft mission. However, these missions are infrequent; Uranus and Neptune have only had a single flyby by Voyager 2. The Hubble Space Telescope, particularly the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) instruments, and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics systems have enabled high spatial resolution imaging at a higher cadence, and over a longer time, than can be achieved with targeted missions to these worlds. These facilities offer a powerful combination of high spatial resolution, often |
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However, these missions are infrequent; Uranus and Neptune have only had a single flyby by Voyager 2. The Hubble Space Telescope, particularly the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) instruments, and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics systems have enabled high spatial resolution imaging at a higher cadence, and over a longer time, than can be achieved with targeted missions to these worlds. These facilities offer a powerful combination of high spatial resolution, often <0.05”, and broad wavelength coverage, from the ultraviolet through the near infrared, resulting in compelling studies of the clouds, winds, and atmospheric vertical structure. This coverage allows comparisons of atmospheric properties between the planets, as well as in different regions across each planet. Temporal variations in winds, cloud structure, and color over time scales of days to years, have been measured for all four planets. With several decades of data already obtained, we can now begin to investigate seasonal influences on dynamics and aerosol properties, despite orbital periods ranging from 12 to 165 years. Future facilities will enable even greater spatial resolution and, combined with our existing long record of data, will continue to advance our understanding of atmospheric evolution on the giant planets.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-4292</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-4292</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/rs14061518</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Goddard Space Flight Center: MDPI</publisher><subject>Adaptive optics ; Adaptive systems ; Aerosols ; Astronomical instruments ; Astronomy ; Atmosphere ; atmospheres, dynamics ; atmospheres, structure ; Atmospheric evolution ; Cameras ; Earth ; Field cameras ; Flyby missions ; giant planets ; Hubble Space Telescope ; Jupiter ; Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration ; Neptune ; Observatories ; Optics ; Orbits ; Planetary atmospheres ; Planetary evolution ; Planets ; Remote sensing ; Saturn ; Space missions ; Space telescopes ; Spacecraft ; Spatial discrimination ; Spatial resolution ; Temporal variations ; Uranus ; Vortices ; Voyager 1 spacecraft ; Wind</subject><ispartof>Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-03, Vol.14 (6), p.1518</ispartof><rights>Copyright Determination: MAY_INCLUDE_COPYRIGHT_MATERIAL</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 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Future facilities will enable even greater spatial resolution and, combined with our existing long record of data, will continue to advance our understanding of atmospheric evolution on the giant planets.</description><subject>Adaptive optics</subject><subject>Adaptive systems</subject><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Astronomical instruments</subject><subject>Astronomy</subject><subject>Atmosphere</subject><subject>atmospheres, dynamics</subject><subject>atmospheres, structure</subject><subject>Atmospheric evolution</subject><subject>Cameras</subject><subject>Earth</subject><subject>Field cameras</subject><subject>Flyby missions</subject><subject>giant planets</subject><subject>Hubble Space Telescope</subject><subject>Jupiter</subject><subject>Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration</subject><subject>Neptune</subject><subject>Observatories</subject><subject>Optics</subject><subject>Orbits</subject><subject>Planetary atmospheres</subject><subject>Planetary 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subjects | Adaptive optics Adaptive systems Aerosols Astronomical instruments Astronomy Atmosphere atmospheres, dynamics atmospheres, structure Atmospheric evolution Cameras Earth Field cameras Flyby missions giant planets Hubble Space Telescope Jupiter Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration Neptune Observatories Optics Orbits Planetary atmospheres Planetary evolution Planets Remote sensing Saturn Space missions Space telescopes Spacecraft Spatial discrimination Spatial resolution Temporal variations Uranus Vortices Voyager 1 spacecraft Wind |
title | Giant Planet Atmospheres: Dynamics and Variability from UV to Near-IR Hubble and Adaptive Optics Imaging |
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