Relationship between Cytotoxicity and Surface Oxidation of Artificial Black Carbon

The lacking of laboratory black carbon (BC) samples have long challenged the corresponding toxicological research; furthermore, the toxicity tests of engineered carbon nanoparticles were unable to reflect atmospheric BC. As a simplified approach, we have synthesized artificial BC (aBC) for the purpo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-05, Vol.11 (6), p.1455
Main Authors: Le, Yen Thi-Hoang, Youn, Jong-Sang, Moon, Hi-Gyu, Chen, Xin-Yu, Kim, Dong-Im, Cho, Hyun-Wook, Lee, Kyu-Hong, Jeon, Ki-Joon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
artificial black carbon (aBC)
Black carbon
Carbon
Carbon black
Cell viability
Chemical properties
Climate change
Cytotoxicity
Experiments
Fourier transforms
Functional groups
Gene expression
Graphite
Heat treatment
High temperature
Infrared spectroscopy
Morphology
Nanoparticles
Oxidation
Photoelectron spectroscopy
Photoelectrons
Physical characteristics
Physical properties
Reactive oxygen species
reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Scanning electron microscopy
Silicon wafers
Spectrum analysis
Surface properties
thermal treatment
Toxicity testing
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Summary:The lacking of laboratory black carbon (BC) samples have long challenged the corresponding toxicological research; furthermore, the toxicity tests of engineered carbon nanoparticles were unable to reflect atmospheric BC. As a simplified approach, we have synthesized artificial BC (aBC) for the purpose of representing atmospheric BC. Surface chemical properties of aBC were controlled by thermal treatment, without transforming its physical characteristics; thus, we were able to examine the toxicological effects on A549 human lung cells arising from aBC with varying oxidation surface properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, verified the presence of increased amounts of oxygenated functional groups on the surface of thermally-treated aBC, indicating aBC oxidization at elevated temperatures; aBC with increased oxygen functional group content displayed increased toxicity to A549 cells, specifically by decreasing cell viability to 45% and elevating reactive oxygen species levels up to 294% for samples treated at 800 °C.
ISSN:2079-4991
2079-4991
DOI:10.3390/nano11061455