A Review of the Integrated Design and Control of Electrified Vehicles

From a control perspective, the energy management system and the thermal management system of an electrified vehicle are often developed separately, which may not yield the optimal solution. Moreover, an optimal system design requires concurrent plant (topology and size) and controller optimization,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energies (Basel) 2020-10, Vol.13 (20), p.5454
Main Authors: Wei, Caiyang, Hofman, Theo, Ilhan Caarls, Esin, van Iperen, Rokus
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actuators
Automobiles
component sizing
Computer applications
Computing time
Control algorithms
Control methods
Costs
Design
Design optimization
Domains
Electric vehicles
electrified vehicle
Energy conservation
Energy consumption
Energy efficiency
Energy management
Heat recovery
Integrated approach
Optimization
Powertrain
rule-based control
Systems design
thermal management
Topology
topology optimization
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Summary:From a control perspective, the energy management system and the thermal management system of an electrified vehicle are often developed separately, which may not yield the optimal solution. Moreover, an optimal system design requires concurrent plant (topology and size) and controller optimization, which should apply to both energy and thermal domains. This paper originally provides a comprehensive analysis of design and control optimization layers to reveal the interconnections between them and how they influence the optimality of an electrified vehicle design considering both energy and thermal domains. It was found that energy and cost savings can be achieved by integrating these optimization layers, and the energy and thermal domains with four coordination schemes, namely, sequential, iterative, nested and simultaneous. There is a trade-off between optimality, causality, complexity and computational time. Additionally, future research directions in terms of reducing energy consumption and system costs of electrified vehicles are identified herein, such as using integrated design and control methods, employing electrified actuators, exchanging heat between powertrain components and utilizing waste heat recovery systems.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en13205454