Comparison of Two Dietary Supplements for Treatment of Uric Acid Renal Lithiasis: Citrate vs. Citrate + Theobromine

Uric acid (UA) renal lithiasis has a high rate of recurrence and a prevalence ranging from 10% and 15%, depending on the population. The most important etiological factor is persistence of urinary pH below 5.5 and one of the most common treatments is alkalization with citrate. Recent studies demonst...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2020-07, Vol.12 (7), p.2012
Main Authors: Hernandez, Yumaira, Costa-Bauza, Antonia, Calvó, Paula, Benejam, Joan, Sanchis, Pilar, Grases, Felix
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Alkalizing
Blood pressure
Caffeine
Chocolate
Citric acid
Citric Acid - administration & dosage
Cocoa
Creatinine
Cross-Over Studies
Crystallization
Diabetes
Dietary Supplements
dietary treatment
Double-Blind Method
Drug Combinations
Etiology
Excretion
Female
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Hydroxyapatite
Hypertension
Kidney Calculi - drug therapy
Lithiasis
Male
Middle Aged
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrolithiasis - drug therapy
Nephrolithiasis - urine
Recurrence
Statistical analysis
theobromine
Theobromine - administration & dosage
Theobromine - urine
Treatment Outcome
Uric acid
Uric Acid - metabolism
Uric Acid - urine
Urine
urolithiasis
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Summary:Uric acid (UA) renal lithiasis has a high rate of recurrence and a prevalence ranging from 10% and 15%, depending on the population. The most important etiological factor is persistence of urinary pH below 5.5 and one of the most common treatments is alkalization with citrate. Recent studies demonstrated that theobromine, which is abundant in chocolate and cocoa, is a potent inhibitor of UA crystallization. The aim was to compare the efficacy of citrate versus citrate + theobromine as treatment for UA lithiasis. This randomized cross-over trial investigated the efficacy of two treatments in 47 patients with UA renal lithiasis. Urine volume, pH, UA excretion, theobromine excretion, and risk of UA crystallization (RUAC) at baseline and at the end of each intervention period were measured. Each treatment significantly reduced the risk of UA crystallization compared to basal values. The RUAC after citrate + theobromine was lower than the RUAC after citrate, although this difference was not statistically significant. The combined consumption of citrate and theobromine may be a promising strategy for the prevention of UA kidney stones.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu12072012