Nutritional status and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Colombian school children and teenagers during the COVID-19 pandemic according to sex

• Published in: Journal of Nutritional Science 2021, Vol.10, p.1, Article e54
• Main Authors: Morales Camacho, William Javier, Osma Zambrano, Sonia Esperanza, Morales Camacho, María Alejandra, Herrera Contreras, Angie Carolina, Rangel Acevedo, Angela, Duarte Valencia, Edgar Julián, Camargo Cárdenas, Anamaria, Nocua Alarcón, Laura Ximena, Ardila Munar, Lizeth Carolina, Noguera Sánchez, Ana Milena, Molina Díaz, Jorge Mario
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Child nutrition disorders; Children & youth; Coronavirus infections; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Diet; Dietary Surveys and Nutritional Epidemiology; Lifestyles; Malnutrition; Mediterranean; Mental health; Nutrition research; Nutritional status; Obesity; Overweight; Paediatric obesity; Pandemics; Parents & parenting; Questionnaires; School closures; Sociodemographics; Students; Teenagers; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Variables
• ISSN: 2048-6790; 2048-6790
• DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.48

The current COVID-19 pandemic has generated a series of changes in the daily routines of people, including children and teenagers, in an unprecedented way, which constitutes a global challenge in public health. Social isolation has been a prophylactic measure to prevent the spread of the virus; however, it has generated negative impacts on the physical and emotional health of parents, caregivers, children and teenagers around the world. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic at the level of nutritional status, dietary and behavioural patterns of elementary school children and teenagers in a small town of Colombia. Anthropometric parameters such as BMI Z-score, waist circumference and waist/height ratio were evaluated in 266 school children and teenagers. A questionnaire with socio-demographic, clinical and lifestyle characteristics and the KIDMED were applied to learn about nutritional aspects. A total of 102 students (38⋅3 %) were classified as having altered nutritional status, being 39 (14⋅7 %) classified as overweight and 36 (13⋅5 %) with obesity. The prevalence of high adherence to the Mediterranean diet was 12 %, 95 % CI (0⋅08, 0⋅16). Overweight was more prevalent in women (26/39, 66⋅7 %; P = 0⋅0439), and obesity was discreetly more frequent in men (19/36, 52⋅7 %; P = 0⋅7193). We observed a worrying nutritional, dietary and behavioural situation in the children and teenagers studied during the confinement associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This unveils the need to establish strategies and/or public policies in our town that help to promote an adequate biopsychosocial development of the paediatric patient and their family group.