Serodiagnosis of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in human and canine populations living in Indigenous Reserves in the Brazilian Amazon Region

• Published in: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 2017-01, Vol.50 (1), p.61-66
• Main Authors: Lima, Julia Teresa Ribeiro de, Gennari, Solange Maria, Soares, Herbert Sousa, Minervino, Antonio Humberto Hamad, Malheiros, Antonio Francisco, Marques, Fernando Silveira, Laurenti, Márcia Dalastra, Machado, Rosangela Zacarias, Marcili, Arlei, Labruna, Marcelo Bahia, Soares, Rodrigo Martins
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Animals; Antibodies; Antibodies, Protozoan - blood; Brazil - epidemiology; Child, Preschool; Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Diagnosis; Dog Diseases - diagnosis; Dog Diseases - epidemiology; Dogs; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epidemiology; Female; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Fluorescent antibody test; Humans; Immunoassay; Indians, South American; Indigenous; Indirect fluorescent antibody test; Infections; Leishmania infantum - immunology; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - diagnosis; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - epidemiology; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - veterinary; Leishmaniasis, Visceral - diagnosis; Leishmaniasis, Visceral - epidemiology; Leishmaniasis, Visceral - veterinary; Male; Medical diagnosis; Native peoples; Parasitic diseases; Prevalence; Protozoa; Reserves; Reservoirs; Sampling methods; TROPICAL MEDICINE; Trypanosomatid; Vector-borne diseases; Visceral leishmaniasis; Zoonosis
• ISSN: 0037-8682; 1678-9849; 1678-9849
• DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0377-2016

Leishmaniasis is endemic to the Northern, Northeastern, Central-Western, and Southeastern regions of Brazil. We aimed to assess the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in indigenous villages located in the States of Mato Grosso and Tocantins using a serological survey conducted in May 2011. Serum samples were collected from 470 humans and 327 dogs living in villages of the Urubu Branco and Tapirapé Karajá indigenous reserves. The samples were analyzed for the presence of Leishmania spp. antibodies using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a crude antigen (CA) and soluble antigen (SA), and Dual Path Platform (DPP®) immunoassay for canine visceral leishmaniasis. Of 470 human samples tested, two (0.4%) were positive using IFAT. Among 327 dog samples tested, 28 (8.6%) were positive using ELISA CA, five (1.5%) using ELISA SA, two (0.6%) using IFAT, and none using DPP® immunoassay with Leishmania infantum chagasi antigen. When Leishmania amazonensis antigen was used, 20 (6.1%) samples were positive using ELISA CA and four (1.2%) using IFAT. There was a low prevalence of infection in the region, and significant differences among the main serological methods used for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. These findings indicated that the detection of Leishmania spp. requires further study and improvement.