Mechanisms of Formation, Structure, and Dynamics of Lipoprotein Discs Stabilized by Amphiphilic Copolymers: A Comprehensive Review

Amphiphilic copolymers consisting of alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic units account for a major recent methodical breakthrough in the investigations of membrane proteins. Styrene-maleic acid (SMA), diisobutylene-maleic acid (DIBMA), and related copolymers have been shown to extract membrane p...

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Published in:Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-01, Vol.12 (3), p.361
Main Authors: Orekhov, Philipp S, Bozdaganyan, Marine E, Voskoboynikova, Natalia, Mulkidjanian, Armen Y, Karlova, Maria G, Yudenko, Anna, Remeeva, Alina, Ryzhykau, Yury L, Gushchin, Ivan, Gordeliy, Valentin I, Sokolova, Olga S, Steinhoff, Heinz-Jürgen, Kirpichnikov, Mikhail P, Shaitan, Konstantin V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
amphiphilic copolymers
Copolymers
Detergents
DIBMA
Efficiency
Electron microscopy
Hydrophobicity
Lipid membranes
Lipids
lipodiscs
Lipoproteins
Maleic acid
Membrane proteins
Membranes
Molecular weight
nanolipoparticles
Nanoparticles
Particle size distribution
Polymers
Proteins
Review
Size distribution
SMA
Solubilization
Spectroscopy
structural biology
Styrene
X-ray diffraction
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Summary:Amphiphilic copolymers consisting of alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic units account for a major recent methodical breakthrough in the investigations of membrane proteins. Styrene-maleic acid (SMA), diisobutylene-maleic acid (DIBMA), and related copolymers have been shown to extract membrane proteins directly from lipid membranes without the need for classical detergents. Within the particular experimental setup, they form disc-shaped nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, which serve as a suitable platform for diverse kinds of spectroscopy and other biophysical techniques that require relatively small, homogeneous, water-soluble particles of separate membrane proteins in their native lipid environment. In recent years, copolymer-encased nanolipoparticles have been proven as suitable protein carriers for various structural biology applications, including cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), small-angle scattering, and conventional and single-molecule X-ray diffraction experiments. Here, we review the current understanding of how such nanolipoparticles are formed and organized at the molecular level with an emphasis on their chemical diversity and factors affecting their size and solubilization efficiency.
ISSN:2079-4991
2079-4991
DOI:10.3390/nano12030361