Variation in Macro and Trace Elements in Progression of Type 2 Diabetes

Macro elements are the minerals of which the body needs more amounts and are more important than any other elements. Trace elements constitute a minute part of the living tissues and have various metabolic characteristics and functions. Trace elements participate in tissue and cellular and subcellul...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:TheScientificWorld 2014-01, Vol.2014 (2014), p.1-9
Main Authors: Siddiqui, Khalid, Scaria Joy, Salini, Bawazeer, Nahla
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Calcium - metabolism
Chromium
Chromium - metabolism
Cobalt
Cobalt - metabolism
Copper - metabolism
Development and progression
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Disease Progression
Glucose
Health aspects
Humans
Hyperglycemia
Insulin
Insulin resistance
Iodine
Iodine - metabolism
Iron - metabolism
Magnesium
Magnesium - metabolism
Manganese
Manganese - metabolism
Micronutrients
Micronutrients - metabolism
Minerals - metabolism
Potassium - metabolism
Review
Selenium
Selenium - metabolism
Sodium - metabolism
Trace elements
Trace Elements - metabolism
Trace elements in nutrition
Type 2 diabetes
Vanadium
Vanadium - metabolism
Zinc - metabolism
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Summary:Macro elements are the minerals of which the body needs more amounts and are more important than any other elements. Trace elements constitute a minute part of the living tissues and have various metabolic characteristics and functions. Trace elements participate in tissue and cellular and subcellular functions; these include immune regulation by humoral and cellular mechanisms, nerve conduction, muscle contractions, membrane potential regulations, and mitochondrial activity and enzyme reactions. The status of micronutrients such as iron and vanadium is higher in type 2 diabetes. The calcium, magnesium, sodium, chromium, cobalt, iodine, iron, selenium, manganese, and zinc seem to be low in type 2 diabetes while elements such as potassium and copper have no effect. In this review, we emphasized the status of macro and trace elements in type 2 diabetes and its advantages or disadvantages; this helps to understand the mechanism, progression, and prevention of type 2 diabetes due to the lack and deficiency of different macro and trace elements.
ISSN:2356-6140
1537-744X
1537-744X
DOI:10.1155/2014/461591