Blood–Brain Barrier Solute Carrier Transporters and Motor Neuron Disease

• Published in: Pharmaceutics 2022-10, Vol.14 (10), p.2167
• Main Authors: Latif, Sana, Kang, Young-Sook
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease; Amino acid metabolism; Amino acids; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); Analysis; Blood-brain barrier; blood–brain barrier (BBB); Brain diseases; Brain research; Drugs; Genes; Health aspects; Homeostasis; large amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1); Motor neurone disease; Mutation; Neurodegeneration; NSC-34 cell lines; Permeability; Review; solute carrier (SLC) transporters; Spinal cord; taurine transporter (Taut)
• ISSN: 1999-4923; 1999-4923
• DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102167

Defective solute carrier (SLC) transporters are responsible for neurotransmitter dysregulation, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We provided the role and kinetic parameters of transporters such as ASCTs, Taut, LAT1, CAT1, MCTs, OCTNs, CHT, and CTL1, which are mainly responsible for the transport of essential nutrients, acidic, and basic drugs in blood–brain barrier (BBB) and motor neuron disease. The affinity for LAT1 was higher in the BBB than in the ALS model cell line, whereas the capacity was higher in the NSC-34 cell lines than in the BBB. Affinity for MCTs was lower in the BBB than in the NSC-34 cell lines. CHT in BBB showed two affinity sites, whereas no expression was observed in ALS cell lines. CTL1 was the main transporter for choline in ALS cell lines. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) analysis of [3H]choline uptake indicated that choline is sensitive in TR-BBB cells, whereas amiloride is most sensitive in ALS cell lines. Knowledge of the transport systems in the BBB and motor neurons will help to deliver drugs to the brain and develop the therapeutic strategy for treating CNS and neurological diseases.