A Pilot Study Investigating the Expression Levels of Pluripotency-Associated Genes in Rectal Swab Samples for Colorectal Polyp and Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis

Change in gene expression is inevitable in cancer development. With more studies demonstrating the contributions of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, this study is aimed at investigating whether rectal swab specimen serves as a tool for detection of dysregulation of CS...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stem cells international 2021-07, Vol.2021, p.1-17
Main Authors: Sin, Ryan Wai-Yan, Foo, Dominic Chi-Chung, Iyer, Deepak Narayanan, Fan, May Sau-Yee, Li, Xue, Lo, Oswens Siu-Hung, Law, Wai-Lun, Ng, Lui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Analysis
Biomarkers
Biopsy
Breast cancer
c-Myc protein
Cancer
Cell adhesion & migration
Colon
Colonoscopy
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
CXCR4 protein
Development and progression
Diagnosis
Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV
DNA methylation
Epigenetics
Females
Gender
Gene expression
Genes
Genetic aspects
Investigations
Medical prognosis
Myc protein
Oct-4 protein
Oncology, Experimental
Patients
Pluripotency
Polyps
Prognosis
Rectum
Risk groups
Sensitivity
Stem cells
Tumorigenesis
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Summary:Change in gene expression is inevitable in cancer development. With more studies demonstrating the contributions of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, this study is aimed at investigating whether rectal swab specimen serves as a tool for detection of dysregulation of CSC or stem cell (SC) markers and at evaluating its potential as a new promising screening method for high-risk patients. Expression levels of 15 pluripotency-associated genes were assessed by quantitative PCR in 53 rectal swab specimens referred for endoscopic screening. Dysregulated genes and joint panels based on such genes were examined for their diagnostic potentials for both polyp and CRC. Out of 15 genes, Oct4, CD26, c-MYC, and CXCR4 showed significantly differential expression among normal, polyp, and CRC patients. A panel of Oct4 and CD26 showed an AUC value of 0.80 (p=0.003) in identifying CRC patients from polyp/normal subjects, with sensitivity and specificity of 84.6% and 69.2%. A panel of c-MYC and CXCR4 achieved CRC/polyp identification with an AUC value of 0.79 (p=0.002), with a sensitivity of 82.8% and specificity of 80.0%. The sensitivity for polyp and CRC was 80.0% and 85.7%, respectively. Further analysis showed that higher c-MYC and CXCR4 level was detected in normal subjects who developed polyps after 5-6 years, in comparison with subjects with no lesion developed, and the AUC of the c-MYC and CXCR4 panel increased to 0.88 (p
ISSN:1687-966X
1687-9678
1687-9678
DOI:10.1155/2021/4139528