Esterification of Docosahexaenoic Acid Enhances Its Transport to the Brain and Its Potential Therapeutic Use in Brain Diseases

Docosahexaenoic acid-containing lysophosphatidylcholine (DHA-LysoPC) is presented as the main transporter of DHA from blood plasma to the brain. This is related to the major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2A (Mfsd2a) symporter expression in the blood–brain barrier that recognizes...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2022-10, Vol.14 (21), p.4550
Main Authors: Lo Van, Amanda, Bernoud-Hubac, Nathalie, Lagarde, Michel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Alzheimer's disease
Aspirin
Blood plasma
Blood-brain barrier
Brain
Brain diseases
Choline
Diet therapy
Dietary supplements
Docosahexaenoic acid
Esterification
Fatty acids
Fish oils
Health aspects
Heart
Liver
Lysophosphatidylcholine
lysophospholipids
Metabolites
Neurological diseases
Neuroprotection
Omega-3 fatty acids
Pharmaceutical research
Phospholipase D
Phospholipids
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Plasma
Review
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Summary:Docosahexaenoic acid-containing lysophosphatidylcholine (DHA-LysoPC) is presented as the main transporter of DHA from blood plasma to the brain. This is related to the major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2A (Mfsd2a) symporter expression in the blood–brain barrier that recognizes the various lyso-phospholipids that have choline in their polar head. In order to stabilize the DHA moiety at the sn-2 position of LysoPC, the sn-1 position was esterified by the shortest acetyl chain, creating the structural phospholipid 1-acetyl,2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine (AceDoPC). This small structure modification allows the maintaining of the preferential brain uptake of DHA over non-esterified DHA. Additional properties were found for AceDoPC, such as antioxidant properties, especially due to the aspirin-like acetyl moiety, as well as the capacity to generate acetylcholine in response to the phospholipase D cleavage of the polar head. Esterification of DHA within DHA-LysoPC or AceDoPC could elicit more potent neuroprotective effects against neurological diseases.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu14214550