Respiratory Pathology and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review

• Published in: Open respiratory archives 2025-01, Vol.7 (1), p.100392, Article 100392
• Main Authors: Campos-Rodríguez, Francisco, Chiner, Eusebi, de la Rosa-Carrillo, David, García-Cosío, Borja, Hernádez-Hernández, Jesús R., Jiménez, David, Méndez, Raúl, Molina-Molina, María, Soto-Campos, José-Gregorio, Vaquero, José-Manuel, Gonzalez-Barcala, Francisco-Javier
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Apnea del sueño; Asma; Asthma; COPD; Cáncer de pulmón; EPOC; Lung cancer; Pulmonary embolism; Sleep apnea; Tromboembolismo pulmonar
• ISSN: 2659-6636; 2659-6636
• DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2024.100392

[Display omitted] Respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have high prevalence and share common risk factors. In some respiratory diseases such as sleep apnoea and COPD, the evidence of their negative impact on the prognosis of CVDs seems clear. However, in other diseases it is less evident whether there is any direct relationship. With this in mind, our objective was to provide information that may be helpful to better understand the relationship between respiratory pathology and CVDs. There are different reasons for this relationship, such as shared risk factors, common pathophysiological mechanisms, side effects of treatment and the direct effect in the heart and great vessels of respiratory diseases. Indeed, aging and smoking are risk factors for CVDs and also for respiratory diseases such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), COPD and interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Furthermore, there are common pathophysiological mechanisms that affect both respiratory diseases and CVDs, such as accelerated atherosclerosis, microvascular dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, hypoxemia and oxidative stress. Besides that, it is well known that lung cancer, sarcoidosis and amyloidosis may directly affect the heart and great vessels. Finally, side effects of drugs for respiratory diseases and the discontinuation of treatments that are necessary for CVDs, such as β-blockers and aspirin, may have a deleterious impact on the cardiovascular system. In conclusion, the coexistence of respiratory diseases and CVDs is very common. It makes modifying diagnostic and therapeutic management necessary and is also a relevant prognostic factor. Las enfermedades respiratorias y cardiovasculares (ECVs) tienen una alta prevalencia y comparten factores de riesgo comunes. En algunas enfermedades respiratorias como la apnea del sueño y la EPOC, la evidencia de su impacto negativo en el pronóstico de las ECVs parece clara. Sin embargo, en otras enfermedades es menos evidente si existe alguna relación directa. Considerando esto, nuestro objetivo fue aportar información que pueda ser útil para comprender mejor la relación entre la patología respiratoria y las ECVs. Existen diferentes razones para esta relación, como factores de riesgo compartidos, mecanismos fisiopatológicos comunes, efectos secundarios del tratamiento y el efecto directo en el corazón y los grandes vasos de las enfermedades respiratorias. De hecho, el envejecimiento y el tabaquismo son factores de r